1 Chronicles 11:34

The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite,

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
sons	בְּנֵ֗י be.Nei	H1121	a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
Hashem	הָשֵׁם֙ ha.Shem	H2044	Hashem · proper noun, a man's name
Gizonite	הַגִּ֣זוֹנִ֔י ha.Gi.zo.Ni	H1493	a Gizonite or inhabitant of Gizoh · definite article + noun, gentilic masculine singular absolute
Jonathan	יוֹנָתָ֥ן yo.na.Tan	H3129	Jonathan · proper noun, a man's name
son	בֶּן ben-	H1121	a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine singular construct
Shage	שָׁגֵ֖ה sha.Geh	H7681	Shage · proper noun, a man's name
Hararite	הַהֲרָרִֽי ha.ha.ra.Ri	H2043	Hararite · definite article + noun, gentilic masculine singular absolute

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

2 Samuel 23:32-33 Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Chronicles 11:10–end

We have here an account of David's worthies, the great men of his time that served him and were preferred by him. The first edition of this catalogue we had, Sa2 23:8, etc. This is much the same, only that those named here from Ch1 11:41 to the end are added. Observe, I. The connexion of this catalogue with that which is said concerning David, Ch1 11:9. 1. David waxed greater and greater, and these were his mighty men. Much of the strength and honour of great men is borrowed from their servants and depends upon them, which cannot but somewhat diminish pomp and power in the opinion of those that are wise. David is great because he has great men about him; take these away, and he is where he w…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Chronicles 11:30

Maharai--chief of the detachment of the guards who attended on the king in the tenth month, January (Ch1 27:13; Sa2 23:28).

Adam Clarke on 1 Chronicles 11:25

David set him over his guard - "Made him chief ruler over his disciples." - T. For other particulars, see the notes on the parallel places, where the subject is farther considered.

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 1 Chronicles 11:10-47

This account of David’s mighty warriors demonstrates that David had the support of Israel’s best and bravest men, as well as the support of all Israel (cp. 2 Sam 23:8-39). 11:10 just as the Lord had promised: David’s kingship was God’s choice, not David’s or the people’s (cp. 11:3; 1 Sam 16:11-14).

Rashi on 1 Chronicles 11:26

And the mighty warriors but not like those above.

Henry, Jamieson-Fausset-Brown, Clarke, Gill, Calvin and Keil & Delitzsch are in the public domain; Tyndale Open Study Notes © Tyndale House Publishers, CC BY-SA 4.0 — all from the Free Use Bible API (bible.helloao.org). Rashi: the Rosenbaum & Silbermann Pentateuch (public domain) and the Judaica Press and Metsudah Tanakh (CC BY), via Sefaria. Spurgeon's Treasury of David: public domain (lyteword's markdown edition, CC0).

Dictionary and topics

Giants — (1.) Heb. nephilim, meaning “violent” or “causing to fall” (Gen. 6:4). These were the violent tyrants of those days, those who fell upon others. The word may also be derived from a root signifying…
Gizonite — A name given to Hashem, an inhabitant of Gizoh, a place somewhere in the mountains of Judah (1 Chr. 11:34; 2 Sam. 23:32, 34).
Gizonites, The — (inhabitant of Gizoh). “The sons of Hashem the Gizonite “are named amongst the warriors of David’s guard. (1 Chronicles 11:34) Kennicott concludes that the name should be Gouni.
Hashem — (fat). The sons of Hashem the Gizonite are named amongst the members of David’s guard in (1 Chronicles 11:34) (B.C. before 1014.)
Jashen — Sleeping, called also Hashem (1 Chr. 11:34); a person, several of whose sons were in David’s body-guard (2 Sam. 23:32).
Jonathan — Whom Jehovah gave, the name of fifteen or more persons that are mentioned in Scripture. The chief of these are, (1.) A Levite descended from Gershom (Judg. 18:30). His history is recorded in 17:7-13…
Shage — (erring), father of Jonathan the Hararite, one of David’s guard. (1 Chronicles 11:34) [See Shammah, 5] (B.C. about 1050.)
Shammah — Desert. (1.) One of the “dukes” of Edom (Gen. 36:13, 17). (2.) One of the sons of Jesse (1 Sam. 16:9). He is also called Shimeah (2 Sam. 13:3) and Shimma (1 Chr. 2:13). (3.) One of David’s three…
Gizonite · A man or town of — A man or town of
Hashem · Father of several members of David’s guard — Father of several members of David’s guard
Jonathan · 5. One of David’s heroes — 5. One of David’s heroes
Shage · Father of Jonathan, one of David’ s guard