1 Chronicles 12:40 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
1 Chronicles 12:40
Moreover they that were nigh them, even unto Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, brought bread on asses, and on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, and meat, meal, cakes of figs, and bunches of raisins, and wine, and oil, and oxen, and sheep abundantly: for there was joy in Israel.
near (in place · definite article + adjective, masculine plural absolute
Issachar
יִשָׂשכָ֨רyi.so.sh.Khar
H3485
Jissaskar · proper noun, a man's name
Zebulun
וּזְבֻל֜וּןu.ze.vu.Lun
H2074
Zebulon · conjunction + proper noun, a man's name
Naphtali
וְנַפְתָּלִ֗יve.naf.ta.Li
H5321
Naphtali · conjunction + proper noun, a man's name
brought
מְבִיאִ֣יםme.vi.'Im
H935
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) · verb, hiphil active participle, masculine plural absolute
bread
לֶ֡חֶםLe.chem
H3899
food (for man or beast) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
1 Samuel 25:18 Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched co…
2 Samuel 16:1 And when David was a little past the top of the hill, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and…
Proverbs 11:10 When it goeth well with the righteous, the city rejoiceth: and when the wicked perish, there is shouting.
Proverbs 29:2 When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn.
2 Samuel 17:27-29 And it came to pass, when David was come to Mahanaim, that Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of…
1 Kings 1:40 And all the people came up after him, and the people piped with pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth rent with the sound of…
2 Kings 11:20 And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was in quiet: and they slew Athaliah with the sword beside the king’s house.
Jeremiah 23:5-6 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execut…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on 1 Chronicles 12:23–end
We have here an account of those who were active in perfecting the settlement of David upon the throne, after the death of Ishbosheth. We read (Ch1 11:1, and before Sa2 5:1) that all the tribes of Israel came, either themselves or by their representatives, to Hebron, to make David king; now here we have an account of the quota which every tribe brought in ready armed to the war, in case there should be any opposition, Ch1 12:23. We may observe here,
I. That those tribes that lived nearest brought the fewest - Judah but 6800 (Ch1 12:24), Simeon but 7100 (Ch1 12:25); whereas Zebulun, that lay remote, brought 50,000, Asher 40,000, and the two tribes and a half on the other side Jordan 120,000.…
there they were with David three days, eating and drinking--According to the statements made in the preceding verses, the number of armed warriors assembled in Hebron on this occasion amounted to three hundred thousand. Supplies of provisions were abundantly furnished, not only by the people of the neighborhood, but from distant parts of the country, for all wished the festivities to be on a scale of liberality and magnificence suitable to the auspicious occasion.
Next: 1 Chronicles Chapter 13
Adam Clarke on 1 Chronicles 12:39
They were with David three days - These were the deputies of the different people mentioned here: it is not possible that all the thousands mentioned above could have feasted with David for three days; and yet it appears there was even of these a great number, for the men of Issachar, Zebulun, and Naphtali, who were nearest to this place of rendezvous, had brought all the necessaries for such a feast. From the whole it appears most evident that the great majority of the tribes of Israel wished to see the kingdom confirmed in the hands of David; nor was there ever in any country a man more worthy of the public choice. As a statesman, warrior, hero, poet, and divine, he stands unrivalled in th…
Cattle — Abounded in the Holy Land. To the rearing and management of them the inhabitants chiefly devoted themselves (Deut. 8:13; 12:21; 1 Sam. 11:5; 12:3; Ps. 144:14; Jer. 3:24). They may be classified as,…
Chronicles, Books of — The two books were originally one. They bore the title in the Massoretic Hebrew Dibre hayyamim, i.e., “Acts of the Days.” This title was rendered by Jerome in his Latin version “Chronicon,” and hence…
Herd — Gen. 13:5; Deut. 7:14. (See CATTLE.)
Issachar — Hired (Gen. 30:18). “God hath given me,” said Leah, “my hire (Heb. sekhari)...and she called his name Issachar.” He was Jacob’s ninth son, and was born in Padan-aram (comp. 28:2). He had four sons at…
Ox — Heb. bakar, “cattle;” “neat cattle”, (Gen. 12:16; 34:28; Job 1:3, 14; 42:12, etc.); not to be muzzled when treading the corn (Deut. 25:4). Referred to by our Lord in his reproof to the Pharisees…
Zebulun, Tribe of — Numbered at Sinai (Num. 1:31) and before entering Canaan (26:27). It was one of the tribes which did not drive out the Canaanites, but only made them tributary (Judg. 1:30). It took little interest…
Bread · Often given as a present — Often given as a present
Camel · 8:9; — 8:9;
Entertainments · Given on occasions of: Coronation of Kings — Given on occasions of: Coronation of Kings
Feasts · .Coronations — .Coronations
Fig Tree, The · Fruit of: Sent as presents
asses
בַּחֲמוֹרִ֣יםba.cha.mo.Rim
H2543
a male ass (from its dun red) · preposition with the article + noun, common both genders plural absolute
camels
וּבַגְּמַלִּ֣יםu.vag.ge.ma.Lim
H1581
a camel · conjunction + preposition with the article + noun, common both genders plural absolute
mules
וּבַפְּרָדִ֣יםu.va.pe.ra.Dim
H6505
a mule (perhaps from his lonely habits) · conjunction + preposition with the article + noun, common masculine plural absolute
oxen
וּֽבַבָּקָ֡רu.va.ba.Kar
H1241
beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of either gen… · conjunction + preposition with the article + noun, common both genders singular absolute
meat
מַאֲכָ֡לma.'a.Khal
H3978
an eatable (includ. provender · noun, common masculine singular absolute
meal
קֶ֠מַחKe.mach
H7058
flour · noun, common masculine singular absolute
cakes
דְּבֵלִ֨יםde.ve.Lim
H1690
a cake of pressed figs · noun, common masculine plural absolute
raisins
וְצִמּוּקִ֧יםve.tzi.mu.Kim
H6778
a cake of dried grapes · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural absolute
grease · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular absolute
oxen
וּבָקָ֥רu.va.Kar
H1241
beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of either gen… · conjunction + noun, common both genders singular absolute
sheep
וְצֹ֖אןve.Tzon
H6629
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats) · conjunction + noun, common both genders singular absolute
abundantly
לָרֹ֑בla.Ro
H7230
abundance (in any respect) · preposition + noun, common masculine singular absolute
joy
שִׂמְחָ֖הsim.Chah
H8057
blithesomeness or glee · noun, common feminine singular absolute
Israel
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽלbe.Yis.ra.'El
H3478
Jisrael · preposition + proper noun, a place name
John Gill on 1 Chronicles 12:40
Moreover, they that were nigh,.... To Hebron, or bordered on the tribe of Judah:
even unto Issachar, and Zebulun, and Naphtali; as far as to those tribes, and including them:
brought bread on asses, and on camels, and on mules; all which were creatures used to carry burdens:
and on oxen; who, though commonly employed in ploughing, yet, on this occasion, might be made use of either in drawing wagons laden with provisions, such as follow, or in carrying loads on their backs; though, as Tully (g) observes, their backs show they were not formed to receive and carry burdens:
and meat, meal, cakes of figs, and bunches of raisins, and wine, and oil, and oxen, and sheep abundantly, that is, food…
Moreover, they that were nigh,.... To Hebron, or bordered on the tribe of Judah:
even unto Issachar, and Zebulun, and Naphtali; as far as to those tribes, and including them:
brought bread on asses, and on camels, and on mules; all which were creatures used to carry burdens:
and on oxen; who, though commonly employed in ploughing, yet, on this occasion, might be made use of either in drawing wagons laden with provisions, such as follow, or in carrying loads on their backs; though, as Tully (g) observes, their backs show they were not formed to receive and carry burdens:
and meat, meal, cakes of figs, and bunches of raisins, and wine, and oil, and oxen, and sheep abundantly, that is,…
The succession of a king was often a contentious matter, particularly when the new king represented a different family lineage. The gathering of all twelve tribes at Hebron, including some of Saul’s relatives (12:29), to confirm David’s rule showed that the animosity of the war among different tribes following Saul’s death had been overcome (12:23-37). The Chronicler stresses the unity among the tribes with the declaration that they all, without reservation, had the single purpose of making David the king over all Israel (12:38).
Rashi on 1 Chronicles 12:39
And they were there with David for three days And do not wonder where this whole army obtained so much food and drink that sufficed them, because their brethren had prepared it for them beforehand.
Issachar · .Insurgents from, joined David — .Insurgents from, joined David
Kings · Their revenues derived from: Voluntary contributions — Their revenues derived from: Voluntary contributions
Mule · .As pack animals — .As pack animals
Mule, The · Used for: Carrying burdens — Used for: Carrying burdens
Naphtali · .Military operations of — .Military operations of
Ox, The · Used for: Carrying burdens — Used for: Carrying burdens
Pack Animals · Used for transporting army supplies — Used for transporting army supplies
Raisins · Given to David at Ziklag — Given to David at Ziklag
Sheep · Were frequently: Given as presents — Were frequently: Given as presents
Zebulun · .With David when ma — .With David when ma
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
