1 Chronicles 19:16

And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
Syrians	אֲרָ֗ם 'a.Ram	H758	Aram or Syria · proper noun, a place name
saw	וַיַּ֣רְא vai.Yar'	H7200	to see · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
worse	נִגְּפוּ֮ ni.ge.Fu	H5062	to push · verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural
before	לִפְנֵ֣י lif.Nei	H6440	the face (as the part that turns) · preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct
Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ Yis.ra.'El	H3478	Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
sent	וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ vai.yish.le.Chu	H7971	to send away · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
messengers	מַלְאָכִ֔ים mal.'a.Khim	H4397	a messenger · noun, common masculine plural absolute
forth	וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ vai.yo.Tzi.'u	H3318	to go (causatively · conjunction + verb, hiphil sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
Syrians	אֲרָ֔ם 'a.Ram	H758	Aram or Syria · proper noun, a place name
beyond	מֵעֵ֣בֶר me.'E.ver	H5676	properly · preposition + noun, common masculine singular construct
river	הַנָּהָ֑ר ha.na.Har	H5104	a stream (including the sea · definite article + proper noun, a place name
Shophach	וְשׁוֹפַ֛ךְ ve.sho.Fakh	H7780	Shophak · conjunction + proper noun, a man's name
captain	שַׂר sar-	H8269	a head person (of any rank or class) · noun, common masculine singular construct
host	צְבָ֥א tze.Va'	H6635	a mass of persons (or figuratively · noun, common masculine singular construct
Hadarezer	הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר ha.dad.'E.zer	H1928	Hadarezer · proper noun, a man's name
before	לִפְנֵיהֶֽם lif.nei.Hem	H6440	the face (as the part that turns) · preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine plural

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

2 Samuel 10:16 And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river: and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host of H…
Zechariah 14:1-3 Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, and thy spoil shall be divided in the midst of thee.
Psalms 2:1 Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing?
Isaiah 8:9 Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be…
Micah 4:11-12 Now also many nations are gathered against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and let our eye look upon Zion.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Chronicles 19:6–end

We may see here, 1. How the hearts of sinners that are marked for ruin are hardened to their destruction. The children of Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David (Ch1 19:6), and then it would have been their wisdom to desire conditions of peace, to humble themselves and offer any satisfaction for the injury they had done him, the rather because they had made themselves not only odious to David, but obnoxious to the justice of God, who is King of nations, and will assert the injured rights and maintain the violated laws of nations. But, instead of this, they prepared for war, and so brought upon themselves, by David's hand, those desolations which he never intended them. 2. Ho…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Chronicles 19:16

SHOPHACH SLAIN BY DAVID. (Ch1 19:16-19) And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel--(See on Sa2 10:15-19).

Adam Clarke on 1 Chronicles 19:13

Be of good courage - See the note on Sa2 10:12.

John Gill on 1 Chronicles 19:1

See Chapter Introduction

Keil & Delitzsch on 1 Chronicles 19:1–end

See Chapter Introduction Next: 1 Chronicles Chapter 20

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 1 Chronicles 19:16-19

In the battle against the Arameans, David accomplished three objectives: He challenged Hadadezer’s supremacy, threw the alliance of the Arameans into disarray, and prevented any possible future alliance between the Arameans and the Ammonites.

Rashi

Dictionary and topics

Chronicles, Books of — The two books were originally one. They bore the title in the Massoretic Hebrew Dibre hayyamim, i.e., “Acts of the Days.” This title was rendered by Jerome in his Latin version “Chronicon,” and hence…
Hadadezer — Hadad is help; called also Hadarezer, Adod is his help, the king of Zobah. Hanun, the king of the Ammonites, hired among others the army of Hadadezer to assist him in his war against David. Joab, who…
Hadarezer — Adod is his help, the name given to Hadadezer (2 Sam. 8:3-12) in 2 Sam. 10.
Shobach — Poured out, the “captain of the host of Hadarezer” when he mustered his vassals and tributaries from beyond “the river Euphrates” (2 Sam. 10:15-18); called also Shophach (1 Chr. 19:16).
Shophach — (expansion), Shobach, the general of Hadarezer. (1 Chronicles 19:16,18) (B.C. 1034.)
Hadadezer · King of Zobah, vanquished by David — King of Zobah, vanquished by David
Shobach · General references — General references
Zobah · Its inhabitants mercenaries of the Ammonites against David — Its inhabitants mercenaries of the Ammonites against David

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).