1 Corinthians 9:13 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
1 Corinthians 9:13
Do ye not know that they which minister about holy things live of the things of the temple? and they which wait at the altar are partakers with the altar?
the (sometimes to be supplied · article — nominative plural masculine
minister
ἐργαζόμενοιergazomenoi
G2038
to toil (as a task · verb — present middle or passive deponent participle, nominative plural masculine
things
ἱερὰhi'era
G2413
sacred · adjective — accusative plural neuter
live
ἐσθίουσιν;esthiousin
G2068
used only in certain tenses · verb — present active indicative, 3rd person plural
of
ἐκek
G1537
literal or figurative · preposition
temple
ἱεροῦhi'erou
G2411
a sacred place · noun — genitive singular neuter
wait
παρεδρεύοντεςparedreuontes
G4332
to sit near · verb — present active participle, nominative plural masculine
altar
θυσιαστηρίῳthusiastēriō
G2379
a place of sacrifice · noun — dative singular neuter
partakers
συμμερίζονται;summerizontai
G4829
to share jointly · verb — present middle or passive deponent indicative, 3rd person plural
altar
θυσιαστηρίῳthusiastēriō
G2379
a place of sacrifice · noun — dative singular neuter
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Leviticus 6:26 The priest that offereth it for sin shall eat it: in the holy place shall it be eaten, in the court of the tabernacle of the congregation.
Numbers 5:9-10 And every offering of all the holy things of the children of Israel, which they bring unto the priest, shall be his.
Numbers 18:8-20 And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Behold, I also have given thee the charge of mine heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the children…
Deuteronomy 18:1-5 The priests the Levites, and all the tribe of Levi, shall have no part nor inheritance with Israel: they shall eat the offerings of the LORD…
1 Samuel 2:28 And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me?…
1 Corinthians 10:18 Behold Israel after the flesh: are not they which eat of the sacrifices partakers of the altar?
Leviticus 6:16-18 And the remainder thereof shall Aaron and his sons eat: with unleavened bread shall it be eaten in the holy place; in the court of the taber…
Leviticus 7:6-8 Every male among the priests shall eat thereof: it shall be eaten in the holy place: it is most holy.
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on 1 Corinthians 9:3-14
Having asserted his apostolical authority, he proceeds to claim the rights belonging to his office, especially that of being maintained by it.
I. These he states, Co1 9:3-6. "My answer to those that do examine me (that is, enquire into my authority, or the reasons of my conduct, if I am an apostle) is this: Have we not power to eat and drink (Co1 9:4), or a right to maintenance? Have we not power to lead about a sister, a wife, as well as other apostles, and the brethren of the Lord, and Cephas; and, not only to be maintained ourselves, but have them maintained also?" Though Paul was at that time single, he had a right to take a wife when he pleased, and to lead her about with him, and expec…
minister about holy things--the Jewish priests and Levites. The Greek especially applies to the former, the priests offering sacrifices.
partakers with the altar--a part of the victims going to the service of the altar, and the rest being shared by the priests (Lev 7:6; Num 18:6, &c.; Deu 18:1, &c.).
Adam Clarke on 1 Corinthians 9:13
They which minister about holy things - All the officers about the temple, whether priests, Levites, Nethinim, etc., had a right to their support while employed in its service. The priests partook of the sacrifices; the others had their maintenance from tithes, first fruits, and offerings made to the temple; for it was not lawful for them to live on the sacrifices. Hence the apostle makes the distinction between those who minister about holy things and those who wait at the altar.
John Gill on 1 Corinthians 9:13
Do ye not know, that they which minister about holy things,.... Not the priests in the temples of the Heathen deities, as the Ethiopic version suggests; but the priests in the temple at Jerusalem, who were employed in slaying the sacrifices, taking off their skins, cutting them into pieces, laying them in order with the wood upon the altar, and burning them, with other services they there performed, which were well known to the Corinthians, many of this church being Jews:
live of the things of the temple; the tithes and firstfruits, and other oblations, and presents in money or goods, thither brought; nor had they any other way of living and supporting their families; for the priests and Le…
The Church Fathers
When he teaches that every man ought to live of his own industry, he begins with a copious induction of examples-of soldiers, and shepherds, and husbandmen.
He takes great care to show that the receiving was not forbidden. Whereupon having said so much before, he was not content but proceeds also to the Law, furnishing an example closer to the point than the former. For it was not the same thing to bring forward the oxen and to adduce the law expressly given concerning priests. But consider, I pray, in this also the wisdom of Paul, how he mentions the matter in a way to give it dignity. For he did not say, "They which minister about sacred things receive of those who offer them." But what? "They eat of the temple:" so that neither they who receive may be blamed nor they who give may be lifted up. Wherefore also what follows he hath set down in the same way. For neither did he say, "They which wait upon the altar receive of them which sacrifice," but, "have their portion with the altar." For the things offered now no longer belonged to those who offered them, but to the temple and the altar. And he said not, "They receive the holy things," but, they "eat of the temple," indicating again their moderation, and that it behoves them not to make money nor to be rich. And though he say that they have their portion "with the altar," he doth not speak of equal distribution but of relief given them as their due. And yet the case of the Apostles was much stronger. For in the former instance the priesthood was an honor, but in the latter it was dangers and slaughters and violent deaths. Wherefore all the other examples together did not come up to the saying, "If we sowed unto you spiritual things:" since in saying, "we sowed," he points out the storms, the danger, the snares, the unspeakable evils, which they endured in preaching. Nevertheless, though the superiority was so great, he was unwilling either to abase the things of the old law or to exalt the things which belong to himself: nay he even contracts his own, reckoning the superiority not from the dangers, but from the greatness of the gift. For he said not, "if we have jeoparded ourselves" or "exposed ourselves to snares" but "if we sowed unto you spiritual things." And the part of the priests, as far as possible, he exalts, saying, "They which minister about sacred things," and "they that wait upon the altar," thereby intending to point out their continual servitude and patience. Again, as he had spoken of the priests among the Jews, viz. both the Levites and the…
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).
Dictionary and topics
Tithe — A tenth of the produce of the earth consecrated and set apart for special purposes. The dedication of a tenth to God was recognized as a duty before the time of Moses. Abraham paid tithes to…
Altar Of Burnt Offering, The · The priests: Derived support from — The priests: Derived support from
Evil · .In supporting himself — .In supporting himself
Priests · Were to live by the altar as they had no inheritance — Were to live by the altar as they had no inheritance
Sacrifices · The priests: Had a portion of, and lived by — The priests: Had a portion of, and lived by
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
1 Corinthians 9:13-22
13. Do ye not know that they which minister about holy things live of the things of the temple; and they which wait at the altar are partakers with the altar?
13. Nescitis, quod qui sacris operantur, ex sacrario [487] edunt? et qui altari ministrant (ad verbum: adstant) altaris sunt participes?
14. Even so hath the Lord ordained that they which preach the gospel should live of the gospel.
14. Sic et Dominns ordinavit, ut qui Evangelium annuntiant, vivant ex Evangelio.
15. But I have used none of these things: neither have I written these things, that it should be so done unto me: for it were better for me to die, than that any man should make my glorying void.
15.…
Paul might be referring to Levites and priests at God’s temple in Jerusalem (see Deut 18:1-4; cp. Lev 6:16-17, 26; Num 18:8-32), but the pagan priests in temples around Corinth would have done similarly.