Adonijah · conjunction + proper noun, a man's name
son
בֶןven-
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine singular construct
Haggith
חַגִּ֛יתcha.Git
H2294
Chaggith · proper noun, a woman's name
exalted
מִתְנַשֵּׂאmithnassêʼ
H4984
(used as abstractly) supreme exaltation
saying
לֵאמֹ֖רle.Mor
H559
to say (used with great latitude) · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
king
אֶמְלֹ֑ךְ'em.Lokh
H4427
to reign · verb, qal imperfect, 1st person common singular
prepared
וַיַּ֣עַשׂvai.Ya.'as
H6213
to do or make · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
chariots
רֶ֚כֶבRe.khev
H7393
a vehicle · noun, common masculine singular absolute
horsemen
וּפָ֣רָשִׁ֔יםu.Fa.ra.Shim
H6571
a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural absolute
fifty
וַחֲמִשִּׁ֥יםva.cha.mi.Shim
H2572
fifty · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural absolute
men
אִ֖ישׁ'ish
H376
a man as an individual or a male person · noun, common masculine singular absolute
run
רָצִ֥יםra.Tzim
H7323
to run (for whatever reason · verb, qal active participle, masculine plural absolute
before
לְפָנָֽיוle.fa.Nav
H6440
the face (as the part that turns) · preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
2 Samuel 15:1 And it came to pass after this, that Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him.
2 Samuel 3:4 And the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;
Exodus 9:17 As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go?
Deuteronomy 17:15-16 Thou shalt in any wise set him king over thee, whom the LORD thy God shall choose: one from among thy brethren shalt thou set king over thee…
1 Kings 1:11 Wherefore Nathan spake unto Bath-sheba the mother of Solomon, saying, Hast thou not heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith doth reign, and D…
1 Kings 2:24 Now therefore, as the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an house, as…
1 Chronicles 28:5 And of all my sons, (for the LORD hath given me many sons,) he hath chosen Solomon my son to sit upon the throne of the kingdom of the LORD…
1 Chronicles 29:1 Furthermore David the king said unto all the congregation, Solomon my son, whom alone God hath chosen, is yet young and tender, and the work…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on 1 Kings 1:5-10
David had much affliction in his children. Amnon and Absalom had both been his grief; the one his first-born, the other his third, Sa2 3:2, Sa2 3:3. His second, whom he had by Abigail, we will suppose he had comfort in; his fourth was Adonijah (Sa2 3:4); he was one of those that were born in Hebron; we have heard nothing of him till now, and here we are told that he was a comely person, and that he was next in age, and (as it proved) next in temper to Absalom, Kg1 1:6. And, further, that in his father's eyes he had been a jewel, but was now a thorn.
I. His father had made a fondling of him, Kg1 1:6. He had not displeased him at any time. It is not said that he never displeased his father; it…
ADONIJAH USURPS THE KINGDOM. (1Ki. 1:5-31)
Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself--Nothing is said as to the origin or rank of Haggith, so that it is probable she was not distinguished by family descent. Adonijah, though David's fourth son (Sa2 3:4; Ch1 3:2), was now the oldest alive; and his personal attractions and manners (Sa1 9:2) not only recommended him to the leading men about court, but made him the favorite of his father, who, though seeing him assume an equipage becoming only the heir-presumptive to the throne (Sa2 15:1), said nothing; and his silence was considered by many, as well as by Adonijah, to be equivalent to an expression of consent. The sinking health of the k…
Adonijah the son of Haggith - Who this woman was we know not; Adonijah was evidently David's eldest son now living, and one of whom his father was particularly fond; see Kg1 1:6.
Prepared him chariots and horsemen - He copied the conduct of his brother Absalom in every respect. See Sa2 15:1.
John Gill on 1 Kings 1:5
Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself,.... This was his mother's name, 2 Samuel 3:4; his father David being old and infirm, and not like to live long, notable to oppose him; and he being the eldest son, and a comely person, was inspired with ambition to set up for king:
saying, I will be king; though he knew that Solomon was appointed of God, and promised by David, and expected by the people to be king, yet he was resolved to set up himself for king, and try if he could not get himself to the throne; on this he was bent and determined:
and he prepared him chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him; just as Absalom had done, when he had the same thing in view, to make…
Dictionary and topics
Adonijah — My Lord is Jehovah. (1.) The fourth son of David (2 Sam. 3:4). After the death of his elder brothers, Amnon and Absalom, he became heir-apparent to the throne. But Solomon, a younger brother, was…
David — Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam.…
Guard — (1.) Heb. tabbah (properly a “cook,” and in a secondary sense “executioner,” because this office fell to the lot of the cook in Eastern countries), the bodyguard of the kings of Egypt (Gen. 37:36)…
Haggith — Festive; the dancer, a wife of David and the mother of Adonijah (2 Sam. 3:4; 1 Kings 1:5, 11; 2:13; 1 Chr. 3:2), who, like Absalom, was famed for his beauty.
Jehoiada — Jehovah-known. (1.) The father of Benaiah, who was one of David’s chief warriors (2 Sam. 8:18; 20:23). (2.) The high priest at the time of Athaliah’s usurpation of the throne of Judah. He married…
Solomon — Peaceful, (Heb. Shelomoh), David’s second son by Bathsheba, i.e., the first after their legal marriage (2 Sam. 12). He was probably born about B.C. 1035 (1 Chr. 22:5; 29:1). He succeeded his father…
Zoheleth — The serpent-stone, a rocky plateau near the centre of the village of Siloam, and near the fountain of En-rogel, to which the women of the village resort for water (1 Kings 1:5-9). Here Adonijah…
Adonijah · 1. — 1.
Ambition · .Adonijah — .Adonijah
Armies Of Israel, The · Called: Horsemen and chariots introduced into, after David’s reign — Called: Horsemen and chariots introduced into, after David’s reign
Adonijah seized the opportunity of David's decrepitude to make himself king. Although he was David's fourth son (Sa2 3:4), yet after the death of Ammon and Absalom he was probably the eldest, as Chileab, David's second son, had most likely died when a child, since he is never mentioned again. Adonijah therefore thought that he had a claim to the throne (cf. Kg1 2:15), and wanted to secure it before his father's death. But in Israel, Jehovah, the God-King of His people, had reserved to Himself the choice of the earthly king (Deu 17:15), and this right He exercised not only in the case of Saul and David, but in that of Solomon also. When He gave to David the promise that his seed should rule f…
Adonijah was David’s fourth son. Because his older brothers, Amnon, Daniel, and Absalom, were all dead, Adonijah assumed he would succeed his father. Yet, in keeping with ancient Near Eastern custom, Solomon—the son of David’s favored wife, Bathsheba—was to succeed him as king. David had already communicated this fact to Solomon (1:13, 17; 1 Chr 22:6-10). Adonijah’s self-seeking nature, likely encouraged by his father’s lax discipline, surfaced in his declaration, “I will make myself king.”
Rashi on 1 Kings 1:5
Exalted himself. He elevated himself.9The literal meaning is, “lifted himself.”
And fifty men. Whose spleens had been removed, and whose soles of their feet had been carved.10See Maseches Sanhedrin 21b and Rashi there.
Diplomacy · .By intermarriage with other nations — .By intermarriage with other nations
Footman · 15:1; — 15:1;
Haggith · Mother of Adonijah — Mother of Adonijah
Judah, The Tribe Of · Remarkable persons of: Adonijah — Remarkable persons of: Adonijah
Kings · Conspiracies against: Adonijah against Solomon — Conspiracies against: Adonijah against Solomon
Usurpation · .By Adonijah — .By Adonijah
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
