1 Kings 10:22

For the king had at sea a navy of Tharshish with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tharshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
king	לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ la.Me.lekh	H4428	a king · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
sea	בַּיָּ֔ם bai.Yam	H3220	a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
navy	אֳנִ֨י 'o.Ni	H590	-a ship or (collectively) a fleet · noun, common both genders singular construct
Tharshish	תַרְשִׁ֤ישׁ tar.Shish	H8659	Tarshish · proper noun, a place name
navy	אֳנִ֣י 'o.Ni	H590	-a ship or (collectively) a fleet · noun, common both genders singular construct
Hiram	חִירָ֑ם chi.Ram	H2438	Chiram or Chirom · proper noun, a man's name
once	אַחַת֩ 'a.Chat	H259	properly · noun, common feminine singular absolute
three	לְשָׁלֹ֨שׁ le.sha.Losh	H7969	three · preposition + noun, common both genders singular absolute
years	שָׁנִ֜ים sha.Nim	H8141	a year (as a revolution of time) · noun, common masculine plural absolute
came	תָּב֣וֹא ta.Vo'	H935	to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular
navy	אֳנִ֣י 'o.Ni	H590	-a ship or (collectively) a fleet · noun, common both genders singular construct
Tharshish	תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ tar.Shish	H8659	Tarshish · proper noun, a place name
bringing	נֹֽשְׂאֵת֙ no.se.'Et	H5375	to lift · verb, qal active participle, feminine singular construct
gold	זָהָ֣ב za.Hav	H2091	gold · noun, common masculine singular absolute
silver	וָכֶ֔סֶף va.Khe.sef	H3701	silver (from its pale color) · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular absolute
ivory	שֶׁנְהַבִּ֥ים shen.ha.Bim	H8143	probably · noun, common masculine plural absolute
apes	וְקֹפִ֖ים ve.ko.Fim	H6971	a monkey · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural absolute
peacocks	וְתֻכִּיִּֽים ve.tu.ki.Yim	H8500	probably of foreign derivation · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural absolute

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

1 Kings 22:48 Jehoshaphat made ships of Tharshish to go to Ophir for gold: but they went not; for the ships were broken at Ezion-geber.
Genesis 10:4 And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.
2 Chronicles 20:36-37 And he joined himself with him to make ships to go to Tarshish: and they made the ships in Ezion-geber.
Psalms 48:7 Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish with an east wind.
Psalms 72:10 The kings of Tarshish and of the isles shall bring presents: the kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts.
2 Chronicles 9:21 For the king’s ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silve…
Isaiah 2:16 And upon all the ships of Tarshish, and upon all pleasant pictures.
Isaiah 23:1 The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of Chittim it…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Kings 10:14–end

We have here a further account of Solomon's prosperity. I. How he increased his wealth. Though he had much, he still coveted to have more, being willing to try the utmost the things of this world could do to make men happy. 1. Besides the gold that came from Ophir (Kg1 9:28), he brought so much into his country from other places that the whole amounted, every year, to 666 talents (Kg1 10:14), an ominous number, compare Rev 13:18, and Ezr 2:13. 2. He received a great deal in customs from the merchants, and in land-taxes from the countries his father had conquered and made tributaries to Israel, Kg1 10:15. 3. He was Hiram's partner in a Tharshish fleet, of and for Tyre, which imported once in…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Kings 10:22

a navy of Tharshish--Tartessus in Spain. There gold, and especially silver, was obtained, anciently, in so great abundance that it was nothing accounted of in the days of Solomon. But "Tarshish" came to be a general term for the West (Jon 1:3). at sea--on the Mediterranean. once in three years--that is, every third year. Without the mariner's compass they had to coast along the shore. The ivory, apes, and peacocks might have been purchased, on the outward or homeward voyage, on the north coast of Africa, where the animals were to be found. They were particularized, probably as being the rarest articles on board.

Adam Clarke on 1 Kings 10:22

A navy of Tharshish - For probable conjectures concerning this place, and the three years' voyage, see at the end of this, Kg1 10:29 (note) and the preceding chapter, 1 Kings 9 (note). Apes - קפים kophim; probably a species of monkey rather than ape.

John Gill on 1 Kings 10:22

For the king had at sea a navy of Tharshish, with the navy of Hiram,.... Tharshish was not the place the navy went from, but whither it went to, as appears from 2 Chronicles 9:21 and designs not Tarsus in Cilicia; nor Tartessus in Spain, or Gades, or which was however near it; though it appears from Strabo (s) and Mela (t) that the Phoenicians were acquainted with those parts, and were possessed of them; and particularly, according to Velleius Paterculus (u), the navy of Tyre traded thither before the days of Solomen; and Vitringa (w) is clear in it, that these were ships that traded to Tartessus, with the ships of Tyre; and it is more likely that that place is meant than Carthage, now calle…

Dictionary and topics

Ape — An animal of the monkey tribe (1 Kings 10:22; 2 Chr. 9:21). It was brought from India by the fleets of Solomon and Hiram, and was called by the Hebrews koph_, and by the Greeks _kepos, both words…
Apes — (Heb. kophim) are mentioned in (1 Kings 10:22) and 2Chr 9:21 There can be little doubt that the apes were brought from the same country which supplied ivory and peacocks, both of which are common in…
Cup — A wine-cup (Gen. 40:11, 21), various forms of which are found on Assyrian and Egyptian monuments. All Solomon’s drinking vessels were of gold (1 Kings 10: 21). The cups mentioned in the New Testament…
Elephant — Not found in Scripture except indirectly in the original Greek word (elephantinos) translated “of ivory” in Rev. 18:12, and in the Hebrew word (shenhabim, meaning “elephant’s tooth”) rendered “ivory”…
Hiram, Or Huram — (noble).
Ivory — (Heb. pl. shenhabbim, the “tusks of elephants”) was early used in decorations by the Egyptians, and a great trade in it was carried on by the Assyrians (Ezek. 27:6; Rev. 18:12). It was used by the…
Law of Moses — Is the whole body of the Mosaic legislation (1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 23:25; Ezra 3:2). It is called by way of eminence simply “the Law” (Heb. Torah, Deut. 1:5; 4:8, 44; 17:18, 19; 27:3, 8). As a written…
Peacock — (Heb. tuk, apparently borrowed from the Tamil tokei). This bird is indigenous to India. It was brought to Solomon by his ships from Tarshish (1 Kings 10:22; 2 Chr. 9:21), which in this case was…
Peacocks — (Heb. tuccyyim). Among the natural products which Solomon’s fleet brought home to Jerusalem, mention is made of “peacocks,” (1 Kings 10:22; 2 Chronicles 9:21) which is probably the correct…
Tarshish — A Sanscrit or Aryan word, meaning “the sea coast.” (1.) One of the “sons” of Javan (Gen. 10:4; 1 Chr. 1:7). (2.) The name of a place which first comes into notice in the days of Solomon. The question…

1 Kings 10:22

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Kings 10:14–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Kings 10:22

Adam Clarke on 1 Kings 10:22

John Gill on 1 Kings 10:22

Dictionary and topics

1 Kings 10:22

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Kings 10:14–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Kings 10:22

Adam Clarke on 1 Kings 10:22

John Gill on 1 Kings 10:22

Dictionary and topics

Keil & Delitzsch on 1 Kings 10:21-22

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 1 Kings 10:22

Rashi on 1 Kings 10:22