1 Kings 3:1

And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh’s daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the LORD, and the wall of Jerusalem round about.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
Solomon	שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה she.lo.Moh	H8010	Shelomah · proper noun, a man's name
affinity	וַיִּתְחַתֵּ֣ן vai.yit.cha.Ten	H2859	to give (a daughter) away in marriage · conjunction + verb, hithpael sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Pharaoh	פַּרְעֹ֖ה par.'Oh	H6547	Paroh · noun, masculine singular absolute
king	מֶ֣לֶךְ Me.lekh	H4428	a king · noun, common masculine singular construct
Egypt	מִצְרָ֑יִם mitz.Ra.yim	H4714	Mitsrajim · proper noun, a place name
took	וַיִּקַּ֣ח vai.yi.Kach	H3947	to take (in the widest variety of applications) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Pharaoh’s	פַּרְעֹ֗ה par.'Oh	H6547	Paroh · noun, masculine singular absolute
daughter	בַּת bat-	H1323	a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms… · noun, common feminine singular construct
brought	וַיְבִיאֶ֙הָ֙ vay.vi.'E.ha	H935	to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) · conjunction + verb, hiphil sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + pronominal suffix, 3rd person feminine singular
city	עִ֣יר 'ir	H5892	a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the wi… · noun, common feminine singular construct
David	דָּוִ֔ד da.Vid	H1732	David · proper noun, a man's name
end	כַּלֹּת֗וֹ ka.lo.To	H3615	to end · verb, piel infinitive construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
building	לִבְנ֤וֹת liv.Not	H1129	to build (literally and figuratively) · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
house	בֵּיתוֹ֙ bei.To	H1004	a house (in the greatest variation of applications · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
house	בֵּ֣ית beit	H1004	a house (in the greatest variation of applications · noun, common masculine singular construct
LORD	יְהוָ֔ה Yah.weh	H3068	Jehovah · proper noun, a title
wall	חוֹמַ֥ת cho.Mat	H2346	a wall of protection · noun, common feminine singular construct
Jerusalem	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם ye.ru.sha.Lim	H3389	Jerushalaim or Jerushalem · proper noun, a place name
about	סָבִֽיב sa.Viv	H5439	(as noun) a circle · noun, common both genders singular absolute

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

1 Kings 9:24 But Pharaoh’s daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which Solomon had built for her: then did he build Millo.
1 Kings 11:1 But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, and…
2 Samuel 5:7 Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the city of David.
1 Kings 6:1-7:15 And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth ye…
1 Kings 9:15-19 And this is the reason of the levy which king Solomon raised; for to build the house of the LORD, and his own house, and Millo, and the wall…
2 Chronicles 2:1-4 And Solomon determined to build an house for the name of the LORD, and an house for his kingdom.
2 Chronicles 8:11 And Solomon brought up the daughter of Pharaoh out of the city of David unto the house that he had built for her: for he said, My wife shall…
1 Chronicles 11:7 And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city of David.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Kings 3:1-4

We are here told concerning Solomon, I. Something that was unquestionably good, for which he is to be praised and in which he is to be imitated. 1. He loved the Lord, Kg1 3:3. Particular notice was taken of God's love to him, Sa2 12:24. He had his name from it: Jedidiah - beloved of the Lord. And here we find he returned that love, as John, the beloved disciple, was most full of love. Solomon was a wise man, a rich man; yet the brightest encomium of him is that which is the character of all the saints, even the poorest, He loved the Lord, so the Chaldee; all that love God love his worship, love to hear from him and speak to him, and so to have communion with him. 2. He walked in the statutes…

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Adam Clarke on 1 Kings 3:1

Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh - This was no doubt a political measure in order to strengthen his kingdom, and on the same ground he continued his alliance with the king of Tyre; and these were among the most powerful of his neighbors. But should political considerations prevail over express laws of God? God had strictly forbidden his people to form alliances with heathenish women, lest they should lead their hearts away from him into idolatry. Let us hear the law: Neither shalt thou make marriages with them; thy daughter thou shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter shalt thou take unto thy son; for they will turn away thy son from following me, etc. Exo 34:16; Deu 7:3, Deu 7:4. No…

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John Gill on 1 Kings 3:1

And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt,.... Pharaoh was a common name of the kings of Egypt, of whom no mention is made in Scripture from the times of Moses until this time; which may seem strange, when it is considered that that kingdom was a potent one, and near the land of Canaan; but it was governed by a race of kings in this period of time, of whom, as Diodorus Siculus (i) says, there is nothing worthy of relation. The name of this Pharaoh, according to Eupolemus (k), an Heathen writer, was Vaphres; for he says, that David contracted a friendship with this king, and he relates some letters which passed between him and Solomon, concerning sending him workmen for the buildin…

The Church Fathers

Some wonder why Solomon made alliances with the Gentiles through marriages without being blamed, even though [the Law] forbade [the Hebrews] mixing with them. The reason for that prohibition was "lest" [the Scripture says], "[their daughters] might make your sons also prostitute themselves to their gods." And this is what happened to Solomon as well. However, we also see others who married daughters of the Gentiles, but since they were not seduced to follow their paganism, they were filled with praises: for instance, Mahlon, Chilion and Boaz. With regard to Solomon, since he thought he would avert his people from war and establish a house for the Lord through his connections with the foreign kings, for this reason he married their daughters, and not out of lust; therefore he was not blamed for this. But after he fell into the error of their idolatry—that is, he did not correct [his women] from their error—he was blamed by God.
— Ishodad of Merv, BOOKS OF SESSIONS 1 KINGS 3:1

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Affinity — Relationship by alliance (2 Chr. 18:1) or by marriage (1 Kings 3:1). Marriages are prohibited within certain degrees of affinity, enumerated Lev. 18:6-17. Consanguinity is relationship by blood.
David, City of — (1.) David took from the Jebusites the fortress of Mount Zion. He “dwelt in the fort, and called it the city of David” (1 Chr. 11:7). This was the name afterwards given to the castle and royal palace…
Pharaoh — The official title borne by the Egyptian kings down to the time when that country was conquered by the Greeks. (See EGYPT.) The name is a compound, as some think, of the words Ra, the “sun” or…
Pharaoh’s daughters — Three princesses are thus mentioned in Scripture: (1.) The princess who adopted the infant Moses (q.v.), Ex. 2:10. She is twice mentioned in the New Testament (Acts 7:21: Heb. 11:24). It would seem…
Pharaohs Daughter — Three Egyptian princesses, daughters of Pharaohs, are mentioned in the Bible:—
Solomon — Peaceful, (Heb. Shelomoh), David’s second son by Bathsheba, i.e., the first after their legal marriage (2 Sam. 12). He was probably born about B.C. 1035 (1 Chr. 22:5; 29:1). He succeeded his father…
Church · HOUSE OF THE LOR — HOUSE OF THE LOR
Egypt · Inhabitants of: Often intermarried with strangers — Inhabitants of: Often intermarried with strangers
Egyptians · Intermarry with the Jews — Intermarry with the Jews
Jerusalem · Surrounded by a wall — Surrounded by a wall
Marriage · Expressed by: Making affinity — Expressed by: Making affinity

1 Kings 3:1

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Kings 3:1-4

Adam Clarke on 1 Kings 3:1

John Gill on 1 Kings 3:1

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

1 Kings 3:1

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Kings 3:1-4

Adam Clarke on 1 Kings 3:1

John Gill on 1 Kings 3:1

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Keil & Delitzsch on 1 Kings 3:1-3

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 1 Kings 3:1

Rashi on 1 Kings 3:1