1 Samuel 10:3 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
1 Samuel 10:3
Then shalt thou go on forward from thence, and thou shalt come to the plain of Tabor, and there shall meet thee three men going up to God to Bethel, one carrying three kids, and another carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a bottle of wine:
properly · conjunction + verb, qal sequential perfect, 2nd person masculine singular
forward
וָהָ֗לְאָהva.Hal.'ah
H1973
to the distance · conjunction + adverb
come
וּבָ֙אתָ֙u.Va.ta
H935
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential perfect, 2nd person masculine singular
plain
אֵל֣וֹן'e.Lon
H436
an oak or other strong tree · noun, common masculine singular construct
Tabor
תָּב֔וֹרta.Vor
H8396
Tabor · proper noun, a place name
meet
וּמְצָא֤וּךָu.me.tza.'U.kha
H4672
properly · conjunction + verb, qal sequential perfect, 3rd person common plural + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
three
שְׁלֹשָׁ֣הshe.lo.Shah
H7969
three · noun, common both genders singular absolute
men
אֲנָשִׁ֔ים'a.na.Shim
H582
a man in general (singly or collectively) · noun, common masculine plural absolute
up
עֹלִ֥ים'o.Lim
H5927
to ascend · verb, qal active participle, masculine plural absolute
God
הָאֱלֹהִ֖יםha.'E.lo.Him
H430
gods in the ordinary sense · definite article + noun, common masculine plural absolute
Beth-el
בֵּֽיתbeit-
H1008
Beth-El · proper noun, a place name
one
אֶחָ֞ד'e.Chad
H259
properly · noun, common feminine singular absolute
carrying
נֹשֵׂ֣אno.Se'
H5375
to lift · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
three
שְׁלֹשָׁ֣הshe.lo.Shah
H7969
three · noun, common both genders singular absolute
kids
גְדָיִ֗יםge.da.Yim
H1423
a young goat (from browsing) · noun, common masculine plural absolute
another
וְאֶחָד֙ve.'e.Chad
H259
properly · conjunction + noun, common feminine singular absolute
carrying
נֹשֵׂ֗אno.Se'
H5375
to lift · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
three
שְׁלֹ֙שֶׁת֙she.Lo.shet
H7969
three · noun, common both genders singular construct
loaves
כִּכְּר֣וֹתki.ke.Rot
H3603
a circle · noun, common feminine plural construct
bread
לֶ֔חֶםLe.chem
H3899
food (for man or beast) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
another
וְאֶחָ֥דve.'e.Chad
H259
properly · conjunction + noun, common feminine singular absolute
carrying
נֹשֵׂ֖אno.Se'
H5375
to lift · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
bottle
נֵֽבֶלne.vel-
H5035
a skin-bag for liquids (from collapsing when empty) · noun, common masculine singular construct
wine
יָֽיִןYa.yin
H3196
wine (as fermented) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Genesis 28:22 And this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God’s house: and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto th…
Genesis 35:1 And God said unto Jacob, Arise, go up to Beth-el, and dwell there: and make there an altar unto God, that appeared unto thee when thou fledd…
Genesis 35:3 And let us arise, and go up to Beth-el; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me…
Genesis 28:19 And he called the name of that place Beth-el: but the name of that city was called Luz at the first.
Genesis 35:6-8 So Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of Canaan, that is, Beth-el, he and all the people that were with him.
Leviticus 1:10 And if his offering be of the flocks, namely, of the sheep, or of the goats, for a burnt sacrifice; he shall bring it a male without blemish…
Leviticus 3:6 And if his offering for a sacrifice of peace offering unto the LORD be of the flock; male or female, he shall offer it without blemish.
Leviticus 3:12 And if his offering be a goat, then he shall offer it before the LORD.
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on 1 Samuel 10:1-8
Samuel is here executing the office of a prophet, giving Saul full assurance from God that he should be king, as he was afterwards, according to these prophecies which went before of him.
I. He anointed him and kissed him, Sa1 10:1. This was not done in a solemn assembly, but it was done by divine appointment, which made up the want of all external solemnities, nor was it ever the less valid for its being done in private, under a hedge, or, as the Jews say, by a fountain. God's institutions are great and honourable, though the circumstances of their administration be ever so mean and despicable. 1. Samuel, by anointing Saul, assured him that it was God's act to make him king: Is it not becau…
the plain--or, "the oak of Tabor," not the celebrated mount, for that was far distant.
three men going up to God to Beth-el--apparently to offer sacrifices there at a time when the ark and the tabernacle were not in a settled abode, and God had not yet declared the permanent place which He should choose. The kids were for sacrifice, the loaves for the offering, and the wine for the libations.
Adam Clarke on 1 Samuel 10:3
Three men going up to God to Bethel - Jacob's altar was probably there still, Gen 28:19. However this might be, it was still considered, as its name implies, the house of God; and to it they were now going, to offer sacrifice.
The three kids were for sacrifice; the three loaves of bread to be offered probably as a thank-offering; and the bottle or skin full of wine, for a libation. When the blood was poured out before the Lord, then they feasted on the flesh and on the bread; and probably had a sufficiency of the wine left for their own drinking.
John Gill on 1 Samuel 10:3
Then shall thou go on forward from thence,.... From Zelzah and Rachel's sepulchre there:
and thou shall come to the plain of Tabor; not that which lay at the bottom of the famous and well known mountain Tabor; for that was in the tribe of Zebulun, at a great distance from hence: but a plain, so called perhaps from the name of the owner of it:
and there shall meet thee three men going up to God to Bethel: the same with Luz, where Jacob built an altar, and called upon God; and so Elohimbethel here is the same with Elbethel, Genesis 35:6. Here was an high place as at Ramah, whither in those times, when there was no fixed place for worship, the tabernacle at one place, and the ark at another,…
The Church Fathers
And when you depart from there, and go further, etc. Increasing the course of his teaching, the Savior arrived at the point of revealing to the disciples the secret of his passion, signifying that he was to bestow the gifts of the highest light on the world. Indeed, Thabor, which is a very high mountain and is interpreted as the coming light, in both name and position, smiles upon the mysteries of the life-giving cross, whose sacraments the Lord, revealing them, sought devoutly, and found all the mighty confessors of the Holy Trinity ascending to God in the Church with devout progress, which is Bethel, that is, the house of God; who, according to the grace given to them, some offered the richest remedies of penance for thought, speech, and action; others offered strengthening provisions of Sacred Scripture for the heart of man, revealed by divine gift in a threefold manner; others brought the most fervent cups of compunctive love in earthen vessels of the heart to be dedicated to God. While each in their own rank recognized Christ the Savior and wished for his incarnation to bring about the world's salvation, they gave him a double interpretation of the Scriptures; that after the first reading of the history, which was completed before his incarnation through the law, he might also open the allegorical and anagogical sense, which either pertains to the truth of present grace or to the beatitude of future life, through the act of the assumed dispensation. Surely, he also accepted these loaves from the hand of those who offered when he revealed to the disciples a worthy operation according to merits, so that they might understand the Scriptures. To this, if I am not mistaken, the interpretation of the three loaves rightly resonates; because in the Gospel, the importunate petitioner, urged by necessity, equally seeks and receives three loaves from a faithful friend (Luke 11). And in Leviticus, the loaves to be offered as a sacrifice are commanded to be prepared in three kinds of baking: namely, in the oven, in the pan, and on the griddle (Leviticus 2). We are nourished with the bread baked on the griddle when we receive those things which are openly and literally said or done without any cover to safeguard the soul's health. But with the bread fried in the pan, we seek what is often reviewed and reconsidered in the surface of the letter, to see what in it…
6. When we wish to make good progress in holy conduct, it is necessary for us to gather for ourselves the examples of very many of the elect; for bees too cannot produce honey if they do not gather it from various flowers. Well therefore does Saul pass from some men to others, because the more abundantly we observe the examples of the saints, the better we are instructed. Indeed the flowers of eternal fruits are the works of the saints, which, when they are drenched with the dew of heavenly love, from them we gather that by which we may be filled for our own instruction and for the benefit of others. For Saul goes from there and passes on beyond, when the untrained preacher advances through the examples of the elect, and from the observed virtue of one, goes to explore the conduct of another. Often it delights him to admire in some the labor of preaching, often in others the strength of good works; he venerates those who speak and strives to imitate those who act. He looks at some to see with what beauty they shine outwardly, while the splendor of others he examines not in their outward conduct but in their innermost being. Hence it is also well said that when he passes on, he is reported to come to the oak of Tabor. For the oak is a shady and strong tree. In this tree indeed the more hidden conduct of the saints is expressed. For the men of this manner of life, since they do not go out to the exterior works of the active life, are as if in shadow, because they cannot feel the fires of temptations. For since they rest in heavenly desire, the farther removed they are from the love of the world, the more peacefully they remain in the shadow of refreshment. But this shadow is of a strong tree, because the conduct of the saints despises earthly things all the more powerfully as it rises more purely into the love of heavenly things. It is also strong, because those who love only the heavenly things which they see powerfully endure the adversities of the world. And because those who disdain to look upon earthly things through love are in the great light of interior splendor, the oak itself is said to be of Tabor. For Tabor is interpreted as "coming light." For light comes when the inner brightness of the Creator opens itself to the chosen mind. Therefore it is called the oak of Tabor, because hidden conduct, by despising earthly things, acts so that it may more…
Dictionary and topics
Bread — Among the Jews was generally made of wheat (Ex. 29:2; Judg. 6:19), though also sometimes of other grains (Gen. 14:18; Judg. 7:13). Parched grain was sometimes used for food without any other…
Flagon — Heb. ashishah, (2 Sam. 6:19; 1 Chr. 16:3; Cant. 2:5; Hos. 3:1), meaning properly “a cake of pressed raisins.” “Flagons of wine” of the Authorized Version should be, as in the Revised Version, “cakes…
Tabor — A height. (1.) Now Jebel et-Tur, a cone-like prominent mountain, 11 miles west of the Sea of Galilee. It is about 1,843 feet high. The view from the summit of it is said to be singularly extensive…
Tabor, The Plain Of — This is an incorrect translation, and should be THE Oak OF Tabor, Tabor. It is mentioned in (1 Samuel 10:3) only, as one of the points in the homeward journey of Saul after his anointing by Samuel.
Bread · .Ma — .Ma
Salutations · Were given: By all passers-by — Were given: By all passers-by
Tabor · 2. A plain (R. V., “oak”) of unknown lo — 2. A plain (R. V., “oak”) of unknown lo
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
To confirm the consecration of Saul as king over Israel, which had been effected through the anointing, Samuel gave him three more signs which would occur on his journey home, and would be a pledge to him that Jehovah would accompany his undertakings with His divine help, and practically accredit him as His anointed. These signs, therefore, stand in the closest relation to the calling conveyed to Saul through his anointing.
Sa1 10:2
The first sign: "When thou goest away from me to-day (i.e., now), thou wilst meet two men at Rachel's sepulchre, on the border of Benjamin at Zelzah; and they will say unto thee, The asses of thy father, which thou wentest to seek, are found. Behold, they father…
oak of Tabor: This location, somewhere in Benjamin, is not to be confused with the village of the same name in Zebulun (1 Chr 6:77). • Bethel: See study note on 1 Sam 7:16.