1 Samuel 17:23

And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the armies of the Philistines, and spake according to the same words: and David heard them.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
talked	מְדַבֵּ֣ר me.da.Ber	H1696	perhaps properly · verb, piel active participle, masculine singular absolute
up	עוֹלֶ֞ה o.Leh	H5927	to ascend · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
champion	אִ֣ישׁ 'ish	H376	a man as an individual or a male person · noun, common masculine singular construct
Philistine	הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י ha.pe.lish.Ti	H6430	a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth · definite article + noun, gentilic masculine singular absolute
Gath	מִגַּת֙ mi.Gat	H1661	Gath · preposition + proper noun, a place name
Goliath	גָּלְיָת֩ gal.Yat	H1555	Goljath · proper noun, a man's name
name	שְׁמ֤וֹ she.Mo	H8034	an appellation · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
armies	מִמַּעַרְכ֣וֹת mi.ma.'ar.khot	H4634	an arrangement · preposition + noun, common feminine plural construct
Philistines	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים pe.lish.Tim	H6430	a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth · noun, gentilic masculine plural absolute
spake	וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר vay.da.Ber	H1696	perhaps properly · conjunction + verb, piel sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
same	הָאֵ֑לֶּה ha.'E.leh	H428	these or those · definite article + demonstrative particle
words	כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים ka.de.va.Rim	H1697	a word · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine plural absolute
David	דָּוִֽד da.Vid	H1732	David · proper noun, a man's name
heard	וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע vai.yish.Ma'	H8085	to hear intelligently (often with implication of attent… · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

1 Samuel 17:8-10 And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Samuel 17:12-30

Forty days the two armies lay encamped facing one another, each advantageously posted, but neither forward to engage. Either they were parleying and treating of an accommodation or they were waiting for recruits; and perhaps there were frequent skirmishes between small detached parties. All this while, twice a day, morning and evening, did the insulting champion appear in the field and repeat his challenge, his own heart growing more and more proud for his not being answered and the people of Israel more and more timorous, while God designed hereby to ripen him for destruction and to make Israel's deliverance the more illustrious. All this while David is keeping his father's sheep, but at th…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 17:22

left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage--to make his way to the standard of Judah.

Adam Clarke on 1 Samuel 17:19

Fighting with the Philistines - See at the end of the chapter, Sa1 17:58 (note).

John Gill on 1 Samuel 17:23

And as he talked with them,.... About their health, and the errand he came upon, and the message of his father to them, and how it was with him, who sent them his best wishes: behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name: of whom see 1 Samuel 17:4; he came out of the valley, and drew near to the mountain the Israelites were descending: out of the armies of the Philistines: from the plains where they were encamped, as Kimchi, though they seem to have been encamped on a mountain as the Israelites were; or from the ranks of the Philistines; according to the marginal reading, he came out of one of the battalions that were set in array: and spake according to the…

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Keil & Delitzsch

The Church Fathers

And while he was still speaking to them, the man appeared... named Goliath, etc. As the Lord Savior was speaking to men and diligently examining their deeds and sayings of justice, as if their works seemed rightly performed to him, the ancient enemy appeared, arising from the hearts of the impious, and through their actions and wicked tongues, he hurled his dreadful poisons of malicious pride against the elect, which he also does today; neither was any deceit hidden from that malicious one, nor was any virtue feared. Hence it is openly added:
— Bede, Commentary on Samuel

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Champion — (1 Sam. 17:4, 23), properly “the man between the two,” denoting the position of Goliath between the two camps. Single combats of this kind at the head of armies were common in ancient times. In ver.…
David — Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam.…
Elah, The Valley Of — (valley of the terebinth), the valley in which David killed Goliath. (1 Samuel 17:2,19) It lay somewhere near Socoh of Judah and Azekah, and was nearer Ekron than any other Philistine town. 1Sam. 17.
Elhanan — Whom God has graciously bestowed. (1.) A warrior of the time of David famed for his exploits. In the Authorized Version (2 Sam. 21:19) it is recorded that “Elhanan the son of Jaare-oregim, a…
Gath — A wine-vat, one of the five royal cities of the Philistines (Josh. 13:3) on which the ark brought calamity (1 Sam. 5:8, 9; 6:17). It was famous also as being the birthplace or residence of Goliath (1…
Philistines — (Gen. 10:14, R.V.; but in A.V., “Philistim”), a tribe allied to the Phoenicians. They were a branch of the primitive race which spread over the whole district of the Lebanon and the valley of the…
War — The Israelites had to take possession of the Promised Land by conquest. They had to engage in a long and bloody war before the Canaanitish tribes were finally subdued. Except in the case of Jericho…
Championship · .Goliath and David — .Goliath and David
Jesse · General references — General references

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).

1 Samuel 17:23

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Samuel 17:12-30

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 17:22

Adam Clarke on 1 Samuel 17:19

John Gill on 1 Samuel 17:23

Keil & Delitzsch

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

1 Samuel 17:23

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 1 Samuel 17:12-30

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 1 Samuel 17:22

Adam Clarke on 1 Samuel 17:19

John Gill on 1 Samuel 17:23

Keil & Delitzsch

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 1 Samuel 17:15

Rashi on 1 Samuel 17:23