2 Chronicles 36:20 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
2 Chronicles 36:20
And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to Babylon; where they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia:
a remainder or residual (surviving · definite article + noun, common feminine singular absolute
sword
הַחֶ֖רֶבha.Che.rev
H2719
drought · definite article + noun, common feminine singular absolute
away
וַיֶּ֛גֶלvai.Ye.gel
H1540
to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense) · conjunction + verb, hiphil sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Babylon
בָּבֶ֑לba.Vel
H894
Babel (i.e. Babylon) · proper noun, a place name
servants
לַעֲבָדִ֔יםla.'a.va.Dim
H5650
a servant · preposition + noun, common masculine plural absolute
sons
וּלְבָנָיו֙u.le.va.Nav
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · conjunction + preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
reign
מְלֹ֖ךְme.Lokh
H4427
to reign · verb, qal infinitive construct
kingdom
מַלְכ֥וּתmal.Khut
H4438
a rule · noun, common feminine singular construct
Persia
פָּרָֽסpa.Ras
H6539
Paras (i.e. Persia) · proper noun, a place name
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Jeremiah 27:7 And all nations shall serve him, and his son, and his son’s son, until the very time of his land come: and then many nations and great kings…
Ezra 1:1-11 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up th…
Deuteronomy 28:47-48 Because thou servedst not the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things;
2 Kings 25:11 Now the rest of the people that were left in the city, and the fugitives that fell away to the king of Babylon, with the remnant of the mult…
2 Chronicles 36:22 Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD sti…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on 2 Chronicles 36:11-21
We have here an account of the destruction of the kingdom of Judah and the city of Jerusalem by the Chaldeans. Abraham, God's friend, was called out of that country, from Ur of the Chaldees, when God took him into covenant and communion with himself; and now his degenerate seed were carried into that country again, to signify that they had forfeited all that kindness wherewith they had been regarded for the father's sake, and the benefit of that covenant into which he was called; all was now undone again. Here we have,
I. The sins that brought this desolation.
1. Zedekiah, the king in whose days it came, brought it upon himself by his own folly; for he conducted himself very ill both towards…
who had made him swear by God--Zedekiah received his crown on the express condition of taking a solemn oath of fealty to the king of Babylon (Eze 17:13); so that his revolt by joining in a league with Pharaoh-hophra, king of Egypt, involved the crime of perjury. His own pride and obdurate impiety, the incurable idolatry of the nation, and their reckless disregard of prophetic warnings, brought down on his already sadly reduced kingdom the long threatened judgments of God. Nebuchadnezzar, the executioner of the divine vengeance, commenced a third siege of Jerusalem, which, after holding out for a year and a half, was taken in the eleventh year of the reign of Zedekiah. It resulted in the burn…
They burnt the house of God - Here was an end to the temple; the most superb and costly edifice ever erected by man.
Brake down the wall of Jerusalem - So it ceased to be a fortified city.
Burnt all the palaces - So it was no longer a dwelling-place for kings or great men.
Destroyed all the goodly vessels - Beat up all the silver and gold into masses, keeping only a few of the finest in their own shape. See Ch2 36:18.
John Gill
Dictionary and topics
Daniel, Book of — Is ranked by the Jews in that division of their Bible called the Hagiographa (Heb. Khethubim). (See BIBLE.) It consists of two distinct parts. The first part, consisting of the first six chapters, is…
Exile — (1.) Of the kingdom of Israel. In the time of Pekah, Tiglath-pileser II. carried away captive into Assyria (2 Kings 15:29; comp. Isa. 10:5, 6) a part of the inhabitants of Galilee and of Gilead (B.C.…
Jerusalem — Called also Salem, Ariel, Jebus, the “city of God,” the “holy city;” by the modern Arabs el-Khuds, meaning “the holy;” once “the city of Judah” (2 Chr. 25:28). This name is in the original in the…
Sabbatical year — Every seventh year, during which the land, according to the law of Moses, had to remain uncultivated (Lev. 25:2-7; comp. Ex. 23:10, 11, 12; Lev. 26:34, 35). Whatever grew of itself during that year…
Assyria · Jews — Jews
Babylon · . — .
Feast Of Sabbatical Year, The · The seventy years captivity a punishment for neglecting — The seventy years captivity a punishment for neglecting
Judgments · .Into the hands of the Chal — .Into the hands of the Chal
Kings · Who reigned over Judah: Zedekiah — Who reigned over Judah: Zedekiah
Medo-Persian Kingdom · The Jews delivered from captivity by means of — The Jews delivered from captivity by means of
Nebuchadnezzar · .Of — .Of
Persia
on 2 Chronicles 36:20
And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away captive,.... The king of Babylon, or his general by his orders, excepting some poor persons left to till the land, see Jeremiah 52:15,
where they were servants to him and his sons; his son Evilmerodach, and his grandson Belshazzar; see Gill on Jeremiah 27:7,
until the reign of the kingdom of Persia; until that monarchy began, as it did upon the taking of Babylon by Cyrus king of Persia. This is the first place we meet with this name of Persia in Scripture. The Arabic writers differ about the origin of it; some derive it from Pars the son of Arsham (Arphaxad), the son of Shem; others from Pars the son of Amur, the son of Japheth; and…
He who remained from the sword, i.e., who had not been slain by the sword, had not fallen and died in war, Nebuchadnezzar carried away to Babylon into captivity; so that they became servants to him and to his sons, as Jeremiah (Jer 27:7) prophesied, until the rise of the kingdom of the Persians. These last words also are an historical interpretation of the prophecy, Jer 27:7. All this was done (Ch2 36:21) to fulfil (מלּאת instead of מלּא, as in Ch1 29:5), that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, he having prophesied (Jer 25:11., Ch2 29:10) the seventy years' duration of Judah's desolation and the Babylonian captivity, while the king and people had not regarded h…
The Temple was destroyed in August 586 BC (see 2 Kgs 25:8; Jer 52:12).
Rashi on 2 Chronicles 36:20
and they became vassals to him and to his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia And why until the kingdom of Persia? Because until that time, the land was not appeased for its Sabbaths, as it is written (Lev. 26:35): “As long as it is desolate, it will rest.”
Zedekiah · to Babylon, blinds his eyes, kills his — to Babylon, blinds his eyes, kills his
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
