2 Kings 23:31

Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
Jehoahaz	יְהוֹאָחָ֣ז ye.ho.'a.Chaz	H3059	Jehoachaz · proper noun, a man's name
twenty	עֶשְׂרִ֨ים 'es.Rim	H6242	twenty · noun, common masculine plural absolute
three	וְשָׁלֹ֤שׁ ve.sha.Losh	H7969	three · conjunction + noun, common both genders singular absolute
years	שָׁנָה֙ sha.Nah	H8141	a year (as a revolution of time) · noun, common feminine singular absolute
old	בֶּן ben-	H1121	a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine singular construct
reign	בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ be.ma.le.Kho	H4427	to reign · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
reigned	מָלַ֖ךְ ma.Lakh	H4427	to reign · verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
three	וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה u.she.lo.Shah	H7969	three · conjunction + noun, common both genders singular absolute
months	חֳדָשִׁ֔ים cho.da.Shim	H2320	the new moon · noun, common masculine plural absolute
Jerusalem	בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם bi.ru.sha.Lim	H3389	Jerushalaim or Jerushalem · preposition + proper noun, a place name
mother’s	אִמּ֔וֹ 'i.Mo	H517	a mother (as the bond of the family) · noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
name	וְשֵׁ֣ם ve.Shem	H8034	an appellation · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct
Hamutal	חֲמוּטַ֥ל cha.mu.Tal	H2537	Chamutal or Chamital · proper noun, a woman's name
daughter	בַּֽת bat-	H1323	a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms… · noun, common feminine singular construct
Jeremiah	יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ yir.me.Ya.hu	H3414	Jirmejah · proper noun, a man's name
Libnah	מִלִּבְנָֽה mi.liv.Nah	H3841	Libnah · preposition + proper noun, a place name

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

2 Kings 24:18 Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Hamutal, t…
1 Chronicles 3:15 And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
Jeremiah 22:11 For thus saith the LORD touching Shallum the son of Josiah king of Judah, which reigned instead of Josiah his father, which went forth out o…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Kings 23:31–end

Jerusalem saw not a good day after Josiah was laid in his grave, but one trouble came after another, till within twenty-two years it was quite destroyed. Of the reign of two of his sons here is a short account; the former we find here a prisoner and the latter a tributary to the king of Egypt, and both so in the very beginning of their reign. This king of Egypt having slain Josiah, though he had not had any design upon Judah, yet, being provoked by the opposition which Josiah gave him, now, it should seem, he bent all his force against his family and kingdom. If Josiah's sons had trodden in his steps, they would have fared the better for his piety; but, deviating from them, they fared the wo…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Kings 23:29

In his days Pharaoh-nechoh--(See Ch2 35:20-27). Next: 2 Kings Chapter 24

Adam Clarke on 2 Kings 23:31

Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old - This was not the eldest son of Josiah, which is evident from this, that he was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; that he reigned but three months; that, being dethroned, his brother Eliakim was put in his place, who was then twenty-five years of age. Eliakim, therefore, was the eldest brother; but Jehoahaz was probably raised to the throne by the people, as being of a more active and martial spirit.

John Gill on 2 Kings 23:31

Jehoahaz was twenty three years old when he began to reign,.... Who seems to be the same with Shallum, Jeremiah 22:11. and he reigned three months in Jerusalem; a short reign, being deposed by the king of Egypt, as after related: and his mother's name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah; a city in the tribe of Judah, Joshua 10:29.

Keil & Delitzsch on 2 Kings 23:31-32

Reign of Jehoahaz (cf. Ch2 36:1-4). - Jehoahaz, called significantly by Jeremiah (Jer 22:11) Shallum, i.e., "to whom it is requited," reigned only three months, and did evil in the eyes of the Lord as all his fathers had done. The people (or the popular party), who had preferred him to his elder brother, had apparently set great hopes upon him, as we may judge from Jer 22:10-12, and seem to have expected that his strength and energy would serve to avert the danger which threatened the kingdom on the part of Necho. Ezekiel (Eze 19:3) compares him to a young lion which learned to catch the prey and devoured men, but, as soon as the nations heard of him, was taken in their pit and led by nose-r…

The Church Fathers

Jehoahaz, also called Shalom, reigned three months until the Egyptians came back from Mabboug. At that stage [Pharaoh] enchained him and brought him to Egypt. So [Jehoahaz] left his country and never came back, according to the prophecy that Jeremiah had spoken against him. Pharaoh appointed his brother Heliakim as the new king and gave him the name of Jehoiakim.
— Ishodad of Merv, BOOKS OF SESSIONS 2 KINGS 23:31

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Esdraelon — The Greek form of the Hebrew “Jezreel,” the name of the great plain (called by the natives Merj Ibn Amer; i.e., “the meadow of the son of Amer”) which stretches across Central Palestine from the…
Hamutal — Kinsman of the dew, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah, wife of king Josiah, and mother of king Jehoahaz (2 Kings 23:31), also of king Zedekiah (2 Kings 24:18).
Jehoahaz — Jehovah his sustainer, or he whom Jehovah holdeth. (1.) The youngest son of Jehoram, king of Judah (2 Chr. 21:17; 22:1, 6, 8, 9); usually Ahaziah (q.v.). (2.) The son and successor of Jehu, king of…
Jeremiah — Raised up or appointed by Jehovah. (1.) A Gadite who joined David in the wilderness (1 Chr. 12:10). (2.) A Gadite warrior (1 Chr. 12:13). (3.) A Benjamite slinger who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chr.…
Josiah — Healed by Jehovah, or Jehovah will support. The son of Amon, and his successor on the throne of Judah (2 Kings 22:1; 2 Chr. 34:1). His history is contained in 2 Kings 22, 23. He stands foremost among…
Libnah — Transparency; whiteness. (1.) One of the stations of the Israelites in the wilderness (Num. 33:20, 21). (2.) One of the royal cities of the Canaanites taken by Joshua (Josh. 10:29-32; 12:15). It…
Necho II — An Egyptian king, the son and successor of Psammetichus (B.C. 610-594), the contemporary of Josiah, king of Judah. For some reason he proclaimed war against the king of Assyria. He led forth a…
Pentateuch — The five-fold volume, consisting of the first five books of the Old Testament. This word does not occur in Scripture, nor is it certainly known when the roll was thus divided into five portions…
Riblah — Fruitful, an ancient town on the northern frontier of Palestine, 35 miles north-east of Baalbec, and 10 or 12 south of Lake Homs, on the eastern bank of the Orontes, in a wide and fertile plain. Here…
Zedekiah — Righteousness of Jehovah. (1.) The last king of Judah. He was the third son of Josiah, and his mother’s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah, and hence he was the brother of Jehoahaz…

2 Kings 23:31

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Kings 23:31–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Kings 23:29

Adam Clarke on 2 Kings 23:31

John Gill on 2 Kings 23:31

Keil & Delitzsch on 2 Kings 23:31-32

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

2 Kings 23:31

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Kings 23:31–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Kings 23:29

Adam Clarke on 2 Kings 23:31

John Gill on 2 Kings 23:31

Keil & Delitzsch on 2 Kings 23:31-32

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 2 Kings 23:31-34

Rashi on 2 Kings 23:30