2 Samuel 10:6 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
2 Samuel 10:6
And when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David, the children of Ammon sent and hired the Syrians of Bethrehob and the Syrians of Zoba, twenty thousand footmen, and of king Maacah a thousand men, and of Ishtob twelve thousand men.
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
Ammon
עַמּ֔וֹןa.Mon
H5983
Ammon · proper noun, a man's name
saw
וַיִּרְאוּ֙vai.yir.'U
H7200
to see · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
stank
נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּniv.'a.Shu
H887
to smell bad · verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural
David
בְּדָוִ֑דbe.da.Vid
H1732
David · preposition + proper noun, a man's name
children
בְנֵֽיve.nei-
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
Ammon
עַמּ֡וֹןa.Mon
H5983
Ammon · proper noun, a man's name
sent
וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּvai.yish.le.Chu
H7971
to send away · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
hired
וַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩vai.yis.ke.Ru
H7936
to hire · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
Syrians
אֲרַ֨ם'a.Ram
H758
Aram or Syria · proper noun, a place name
Beth-rehob
בֵּיתbeit-
H1050
Beth-Rechob · proper noun, a place name
Syrians
אֲרַ֣ם'a.Ram
H758
Aram or Syria · proper noun, a place name
Zoba
צוֹבָ֗אtzo.Va'
H6678
Zoba or Zobah · proper noun, a place name
twenty
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים'es.Rim
H6242
twenty · noun, common masculine plural absolute
thousand
אֶ֙לֶף֙'e.lef
H505
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alph… · noun, common both genders singular absolute
footmen
רַגְלִ֔יrag.Li
H7273
a footman (soldier) · adjective, masculine singular absolute
king
מֶ֤לֶךְMe.lekh
H4428
a king · noun, common masculine singular construct
Maacah
מַֽעֲכָה֙ma.'a.Khah
H4601
Maakah (or Maakath) · proper noun, a place name
thousand
אֶ֣לֶף'E.lef
H505
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alph… · noun, common both genders singular construct
men
אִ֔ישׁ'Ish
H376
a man as an individual or a male person · noun, common masculine singular absolute
Ish-tob
אִישׁ־טוֹבʼÎysh-Ṭôwb
H382
Ish-Tob
twelve
עָשָׂ֥ר'a.Sar
H6240
ten (only in combination) · noun, common both genders singular absolute
thousand
אֶ֖לֶף'E.lef
H505
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alph… · noun, common both genders singular absolute
men
וְאִ֣ישׁve.'Ish
H376
a man as an individual or a male person · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
2 Samuel 8:3 David smote also Hadadezer, the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates.
2 Samuel 8:5 And when the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Hadadezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men.
Genesis 34:30 And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me to make me to stink among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the P…
Judges 11:3 Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob: and there were gathered vain men to Jephthah, and went out with him.
Judges 11:5 And it was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob:
Judges 18:28 And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Bet…
1 Samuel 27:12 And Achish believed David, saying, He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.
Exodus 5:21 And they said unto them, The LORD look upon you, and judge; because ye have made our savour to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in th…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 10:6-14
Here we have, I. The preparation which the Ammonites made for war, Sa2 10:6. They saw they had made themselves very odious to David and obnoxious to his just displeasure. This they might easily have foreseen when they abused his ambassadors, which was no other than a challenge to war, and a bold defiance of him. Yet, it seems, they had not considered how unable they were, with their thousands, to meet his; for now they found themselves an unequal match, and were forced to hire forces of other nations into their service. Thus sinners daringly provoke God, and expose themselves to his wrath, and never consider that he is stronger than they, Co1 10:22. The Ammonites gave the affront first, and…
THE AMMONITES OVERCOME. (Sa2 10:6-14)
when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David--To chastise those insolent and inhospitable Ammonites, who had violated the common law of nations, David sent a large army under the command of Joab, while they, informed of the impending attack, made energetic preparations to repel it by engaging the services of an immense number of Syrian mercenaries.
Beth-rehob--the capital of the low-lying region between Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon.
Zoba--(see on Sa2 8:3).
of king Maacah--His territories lay on the other side of Jordan, near Gilead (Deu 3:14).
Ish-tob--that is, "the men of Tob"--the place of Jephthah's marauding adventures (see also C…
The children of Ammon saw that they stank - That is, that their conduct rendered them abominable. This is the Hebrew mode of expressing such a feeling. See Gen 34:30.
The Syrians of Bethrehob - This place was situated at the extremity of the valley between Libanus and Anti-libanus. The Syrians of Zoba were subject to Hadadezer. Maacah was in the vicinity of Mount Hermon, beyond Jordan, in the Trachonitis.
Ish-tob - This was probably the same with Tob, to which Jephthah fled from the cruelty of his brethren. It was situated in the land of Gilead.
Dictionary and topics
Ammonite — The usual name of the descendants of Ammon, the son of Lot (Gen. 19:38). From the very beginning (Deut. 2:16-20) of their history till they are lost sight of (Judg. 5:2), this tribe is closely…
Barley — A grain much cultivated in Egypt (Ex. 9:31) and in Palestine (Lev. 27:16; Deut. 8:8). It was usually the food of horses (1 Kings 4:28). Barley bread was used by the poorer people (Judg. 7:13; 2 Kings…
Bethrehob — (house of Rehob), place mentioned as having near it the valley in which lay the town of Laish or Dan. (Judges 18:28) It was one of the little kingdoms of Aram or Syria. (2 Samuel 10:6) Robinson…
Chronicles, Books of — The two books were originally one. They bore the title in the Massoretic Hebrew Dibre hayyamim, i.e., “Acts of the Days.” This title was rendered by Jerome in his Latin version “Chronicon,” and hence…
David — Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam.…
Hadarezer — Adod is his help, the name given to Hadadezer (2 Sam. 8:3-12) in 2 Sam. 10.
Hanun — Graciously given. (1.) The son and successor of Nahash, king of Moab. David’s messengers, sent on an embassy of condolence to him to Rabbah Ammon, his capital, were so grossly insulted that he…
Ishtob — Man of Tob, one of the small Syrian kingdoms which together constituted Aram (2 Sam. 10:6, 8).
Jephthah — Whom God sets free, or the breaker through, a “mighty man of valour” who delivered Israel from the oppression of the Ammonites (Judg. 11:1-33), and judged Israel six years (12:7). He has been…
Maacah — (oppression).
Maachah — Oppression, a small Syrian kingdom near Geshur, east of the Hauran, the district of Batanea (Josh. 13:13; 2 Sam. 10:6, 8; 1 Chr. 19:7). (2.) A daughter of Talmai, king of the old native population of…
John Gill on 2 Samuel 10:6
And when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David,.... Or had made themselves odious to him, as it is rendered in 1 Chronicles 19:6; were abominable to him, that he was incensed against them, and enraged at them, and was determined to be avenged on them for the affront given, of which they had certain information: but instead of seeking to appease him, and give him satisfaction for the affront:
the children of Ammon sent, and hired the Syrians of Bethrehob; a place near Hamath, Numbers 13:21; there was a city of this name in the tribe of Asher, out of which the Canaanites could not be driven, and perhaps now inhabited by Syrians, or by a people so called, Joshua 19:28,
and th…
When the Ammonites saw that they had made themselves stinking before David, and therefore that David would avenge the insult offered to the people of Israel in the persons of their ambassadors, they looked round for help among the powerful kings of Syria. They hired as auxiliaries (with a thousand talents of silver, i.e., nearly half a million of pounds sterling, according to Ch1 19:6) twenty thousand foot from Aram-Beth-Rehob and Aram-Zoba, and one thousand men from the king of Maacah, and twelve thousand troops from the men of Tob. Aram-Beth-Rehob was the Aramaean kingdom, the capital of which was Beth-rehob. This Beth-rehob, which is simply called Rehob in v. 8, is in all probability the…
Aramean foot soldiers: See 8:5-6. • Beth-rehob and Zobah: See 8:3, 12. • the land of Tob (literally the man of Tob) possibly refers to a vassal king and region under Hadadezer’s sovereignty.
Rashi on 2 Samuel 10:4
Their clothes. Their robes.
Their buttocks. The buttocks.
Medeba — Waters of quiet, an ancient Moabite town (Num. 21:30). It was assigned to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:16). Here was fought the great battle in which Joab defeated the Ammonites and their allies (1…
Nahash — Serpent. (1.) King of the Ammonites in the time of Saul. The inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead having been exposed to great danger from Nahash, sent messengers to Gibeah to inform Saul of their extremity.…
Rehob — Street; broad place. (1.) The father of Hadadezer, king of Tobah (2 Sam. 8:3, 12). (2.) Neh. 10:11. (3.) The same, probably, as Beth-rehob (2 Sam. 10:6, 8; Judg. 18:28), a place in the north of…
Syria — (Heb. Aram), the name in the Old Testament given to the whole country which lay to the north-east of Phoenicia, extending to beyond the Euphrates and the Tigris. Mesopotamia is called (Gen. 24:10;…
Tob — (good), The land of, a place in which Jephthah took refuge when expelled from home by his half-brother, (Judges 11:3) and where he remained, at the head of a band of freebooters, till he was brought…
Tob, The land of — A district on the east of Jodan, about 13 miles south-east of the Sea of Galilee, to which Jephthah fled from his brethren (Judg. 11:3, 5). It was on the northern boundary of Perea, between Syria and…
Zobah — =Aram-Zobah, (Ps. 60, title), a Syrian province or kingdom to the south of Coele-Syria, and extending from the eastern slopes of Lebanon north and east toward the Euphrates. Saul and David had war…
Ammonites, The · Hired the Syrians against David — Hired the Syrians against David
Beard, The · Shaving of, a great offence — Shaving of, a great offence
Beth-Rehob · A place in Dan — A place in Dan
Ish-Tob · A small state of Aram — A small state of Aram
Rehob · .Possessed by the Syrians — .Possessed by the Syrians
Syria · .Aram-zobah, al — .Aram-zobah, al
Zobah · Its inhabitants mercenaries of the Ammonites against David — Its inhabitants mercenaries of the Ammonites against David
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
