2 Samuel 10:8 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
2 Samuel 10:8
And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array at the entering in of the gate: and the Syrians of Zoba, and of Rehob, and Ishtob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field.
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
Ammon
עַמּ֔וֹןa.Mon
H5983
Ammon · proper noun, a man's name
out
וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙vai.ye.tze.'U
H3318
to go (causatively · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
battle
מִלְחָמָ֖הmil.cha.Mah
H4421
a battle (i.e. the engagement) · noun, common feminine singular absolute
array
וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּvai.ya.'ar.Khu
H6186
to set in a row · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
in
פֶּ֣תַחPe.tach
H6607
an opening (literally) · noun, common masculine singular construct
gate
הַשָּׁ֑עַרha.Sha.'ar
H8179
an opening · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
Syrians
וַאֲרַ֨םva.'a.Ram
H758
Aram or Syria · conjunction + proper noun, a place name
Zoba
צוֹבָ֤אtzo.Va'
H6678
Zoba or Zobah · proper noun, a place name
Rehob
וּרְחוֹב֙u.re.chOv
H7340
Rechob · conjunction + proper noun, a man's name
Ish-tob
אִישׁ־טוֹבʼÎysh-Ṭôwb
H382
Ish-Tob
Maacah
וּמַֽעֲכָ֔הu.ma.'a.Khah
H4601
Maakah (or Maakath) · conjunction + proper noun, a place name
themselves
לְבַדָּ֖םle.va.Dam
H905
properly · preposition + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine plural
field
בַּשָּׂדֶֽהba.sa.Deh
H7704
a field (as flat) · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
2 Samuel 10:6 And when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David, the children of Ammon sent and hired the Syrians of Beth-rehob, and the Syr…
Numbers 13:21 So they went up, and searched the land from the wilderness of Zin unto Rehob, as men come to Hamath.
Joshua 19:28 And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon;
Judges 1:31 Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik…
1 Chronicles 19:7 So they hired thirty and two thousand chariots, and the king of Maachah and his people; who came and pitched before Medeba. And the children…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 10:6-14
Here we have, I. The preparation which the Ammonites made for war, Sa2 10:6. They saw they had made themselves very odious to David and obnoxious to his just displeasure. This they might easily have foreseen when they abused his ambassadors, which was no other than a challenge to war, and a bold defiance of him. Yet, it seems, they had not considered how unable they were, with their thousands, to meet his; for now they found themselves an unequal match, and were forced to hire forces of other nations into their service. Thus sinners daringly provoke God, and expose themselves to his wrath, and never consider that he is stronger than they, Co1 10:22. The Ammonites gave the affront first, and…
THE AMMONITES OVERCOME. (Sa2 10:6-14)
when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David--To chastise those insolent and inhospitable Ammonites, who had violated the common law of nations, David sent a large army under the command of Joab, while they, informed of the impending attack, made energetic preparations to repel it by engaging the services of an immense number of Syrian mercenaries.
Beth-rehob--the capital of the low-lying region between Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon.
Zoba--(see on Sa2 8:3).
of king Maacah--His territories lay on the other side of Jordan, near Gilead (Deu 3:14).
Ish-tob--that is, "the men of Tob"--the place of Jephthah's marauding adventures (see also C…
At the entering in of the gate - This was the city of Medeba, as we learn from Ch1 19:7.
John Gill on 2 Samuel 10:8
And the children of Ammon came out,.... Either out of Rabbah their metropolis, as Josephus (u); or rather out of Medeba, as it seems from 1 Chronicles 19:7; a city that lay on the borders of their country, and was a frontier town, see Numbers 21:30;
and put the battle in array, at the entering in of the gate; of the city of Medeba; they were first within the city, but, upon the approach of Joab and his army, they came out and drew up in a line of battle at the gate of it:
and the Syrians of Zoba, and of Rehob, and Ishtob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field; at some distance from the city, the Ammonites not choosing to trust: mercenaries in it; and perhaps they placed these ambush…
Dictionary and topics
Ammonite — The usual name of the descendants of Ammon, the son of Lot (Gen. 19:38). From the very beginning (Deut. 2:16-20) of their history till they are lost sight of (Judg. 5:2), this tribe is closely…
Barley — A grain much cultivated in Egypt (Ex. 9:31) and in Palestine (Lev. 27:16; Deut. 8:8). It was usually the food of horses (1 Kings 4:28). Barley bread was used by the poorer people (Judg. 7:13; 2 Kings…
Chronicles, Books of — The two books were originally one. They bore the title in the Massoretic Hebrew Dibre hayyamim, i.e., “Acts of the Days.” This title was rendered by Jerome in his Latin version “Chronicon,” and hence…
David — Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam.…
Hadarezer — Adod is his help, the name given to Hadadezer (2 Sam. 8:3-12) in 2 Sam. 10.
Hanun — Graciously given. (1.) The son and successor of Nahash, king of Moab. David’s messengers, sent on an embassy of condolence to him to Rabbah Ammon, his capital, were so grossly insulted that he…
Ishtob — Man of Tob, one of the small Syrian kingdoms which together constituted Aram (2 Sam. 10:6, 8).
Joab — Jehovah is his father. (1.) One of the three sons of Zeruiah, David’s sister, and “captain of the host” during the whole of David’s reign (2 Sam. 2:13; 10:7; 11:1; 1 Kings 11:15). His father’s name…
Maacah — (oppression).
Maachah — Oppression, a small Syrian kingdom near Geshur, east of the Hauran, the district of Batanea (Josh. 13:13; 2 Sam. 10:6, 8; 1 Chr. 19:7). (2.) A daughter of Talmai, king of the old native population of…
Medeba — Waters of quiet, an ancient Moabite town (Num. 21:30). It was assigned to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:16). Here was fought the great battle in which Joab defeated the Ammonites and their allies (1…
When David heard of these preparations and the advance of the Syrians into the land, he sent Joab and his brave army against the foe. הגּבּורים (the mighty men) is in apposition to כּל־הצּבא (all the host): the whole army, namely the heroes or mighty men, i.e., the brave troops that were well used to war. It is quite arbitrary on the part of Thenius to supply vav before הגּבּורים; for, as Bertheau has observed, as never find a distinction drawn between the gibborim and the whole army.
Sa2 10:8
On the other hand, the Ammonites came out (from the capital, where they had assembled), and put themselves in battle array before the gate. The Syrians were alone on the field, i.e., they had taken up…
The Israelites had a double battle: against the Ammonites in front of their fortifications at the entrance of the city gate and against the Aramean army in the open fields.
Rashi on 2 Samuel 10:4
Their clothes. Their robes.
Their buttocks. The buttocks.
Nahash — Serpent. (1.) King of the Ammonites in the time of Saul. The inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead having been exposed to great danger from Nahash, sent messengers to Gibeah to inform Saul of their extremity.…
Rehob — Street; broad place. (1.) The father of Hadadezer, king of Tobah (2 Sam. 8:3, 12). (2.) Neh. 10:11. (3.) The same, probably, as Beth-rehob (2 Sam. 10:6, 8; Judg. 18:28), a place in the north of…
Syria — (Heb. Aram), the name in the Old Testament given to the whole country which lay to the north-east of Phoenicia, extending to beyond the Euphrates and the Tigris. Mesopotamia is called (Gen. 24:10;…
Tob — (good), The land of, a place in which Jephthah took refuge when expelled from home by his half-brother, (Judges 11:3) and where he remained, at the head of a band of freebooters, till he was brought…
Tob, The land of — A district on the east of Jodan, about 13 miles south-east of the Sea of Galilee, to which Jephthah fled from his brethren (Judg. 11:3, 5). It was on the northern boundary of Perea, between Syria and…
Ammonites, The · Victories of Joab over — Victories of Joab over
Beth-Rehob · General references — General references
Ish-Tob · A small state of Aram — A small state of Aram
Joab · . — .
Rehob · .Possessed by the Syrians — .Possessed by the Syrians
Syria · .Aram-zobah, al — .Aram-zobah, al
Zobah · Its inhabitants mercenaries of the Ammonites against David — Its inhabitants mercenaries of the Ammonites against David
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
