2 Samuel 23:13

And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
three	שְׁלֹשָׁ֜ה she.lo.shim	H7969	three · noun, common both genders singular absolute
thirty	מֵהַשְּׁלֹשִׁ֣ים me.ha.she.lo.Shim	H7970	thirty · preposition + definite article + noun, common masculine plural absolute
chief	רֹ֗אשׁ Rosh	H7218	the head (as most easily shaken) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
down	וַיֵּרְד֨וּ vai.ye.re.Du	H3381	to descend (literally · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
came	וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ vai.ya.Vo.'u	H935	to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
David	דָּוִ֔ד da.Vid	H1732	David · proper noun, a man's name
time	קָצִיר֙ ka.Tzir	H7105	severed · noun, common masculine singular absolute
cave	מְעָרַ֖ת me.'a.Rat	H4631	a cavern (as dark) · noun, common feminine singular construct
Adullam	עֲדֻלָּ֑ם 'a.du.Lam	H5725	Adullam · proper noun, a place name
troop	וְחַיַּ֣ת ve.chai.Yat	H2416	alive · conjunction + noun, common feminine singular construct
Philistines	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים pe.lish.Tim	H6430	a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth · noun, gentilic masculine plural absolute
pitched	חֹנָ֖ה cho.Nah	H2583	properly · verb, qal active participle, feminine singular absolute
valley	בְּעֵ֥מֶק be.'E.mek	H6010	a vale (i.e. broad depression) · preposition + noun, common masculine singular construct
Rephaim	רְפָאִֽים re.fa.'Im	H7497	a giant · proper noun, a man's name

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

1 Samuel 22:1 David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his brethren and all his father’s house heard it, they went down…
2 Samuel 5:18 The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.
Joshua 12:15 The king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;
Joshua 15:35 Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,
2 Samuel 5:22 And the Philistines came up yet again, and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.
1 Chronicles 11:15-19 Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the v…
1 Chronicles 14:9 And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.
Isaiah 17:5 And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in t…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 23:13

And three of the thirty - The word שלשים shalishim, which we translate thirty, probably signifies an office or particular description of men. Of these shalishim we have here thirty-seven, and it can scarcely be said with propriety that we have thirty-seven out of thirty; and besides, in the parallel place, 1 Chronicles 11:11-47, there are sixteen added. The captains over Pharaoh's chariots are termed שלשים shalishim, Exo 14:7. The Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim - This is the same war which is spoken of Sa2 5:17, etc.

John Gill on 2 Samuel 23:13

And three of the thirty chiefs went down,.... Or three that were chief of the thirty, superior to them; which some understand of the three before mentioned, so Josephus (w); and that having related some particular exploits of theirs, here observes one, in which they were all concerned; and others think the three next are meant, of whom Abishai was the chief, Benaiah the next, and the third Asahel; but the first sense is best: and came to David in the harvest time, unto the cave of Adullam; not when he was there, upon his flight from Saul, 1 Samuel 22:1; but after he was king, when engaged in war with the Philistines; perhaps wheat harvest is here meant: and the troop of the Philistines pit…

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Keil & Delitzsch on 2 Samuel 23:8–end

The following list of David's heroes we also find in 1 Chron 11:10-47, and expanded at the end by sixteen names (Ch1 11:41-47), and attached in Ch1 11:10 to the account of the conquest of the fortress of Zion by the introduction of a special heading. According to this heading, the heroes named assisted David greatly in his kingdom, along with all Israel, to make him king, from which it is evident that the chronicler intended by this heading to justify his appending the list to the account of the election of David as king over all the tribes of Israel (Ch1 11:1), and of the conquest of Zion, which followed immediately afterwards. In every other respect the two lists agree with one another, ex…

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Dictionary and topics

Adullam — One of the royal cities of the Canaanites, now ‘Aid-el-ma (Josh. 12:15; 15:35). It stood on the old Roman road in the valley of Elah (q.v.), which was the scene of David’s memorable victory over…
Bethlehem — House of bread. (1.) A city in the “hill country” of Judah. It was originally called Ephrath (Gen. 35:16, 19; 48:7; Ruth 4:11). It was also called Beth-lehem Ephratah (Micah 5:2), Beth-lehem-judah (1…
David — Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam.…
Giants — (1.) Heb. nephilim, meaning “violent” or “causing to fall” (Gen. 6:4). These were the violent tyrants of those days, those who fell upon others. The word may also be derived from a root signifying…
Jashobeam — Dweller among the people; or to whom the people turn, the Hachmonite (1 Chr. 11:11), one of David’s chief heroes who joined him at Ziklag (12:6). He was the first of the three who broke through the…
Rephaim, The Valley Of — (1 Samuel 5:18,22; 23:13; 1 Chronicles 11:15; 14:9; Isaiah 17:5) also in (Joshua 15:8) and Josh 18:16 It is translated in the Authorized Version “the valley of the giants,” a spot which was the scene…
Shammah — Desert. (1.) One of the “dukes” of Edom (Gen. 36:13, 17). (2.) One of the sons of Jesse (1 Sam. 16:9). He is also called Shimeah (2 Sam. 13:3) and Shimma (1 Chr. 2:13). (3.) One of David’s three…
Adullam · .David takes refuge in — .David takes refuge in
Cave · Of Adullam — Of Adullam
Eleazar (Eleazer) · 4. — 4.
Harvest, The · Called the: Harvest time

2 Samuel 23:13

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 23:13

John Gill on 2 Samuel 23:13

Keil & Delitzsch on 2 Samuel 23:8–end

Dictionary and topics

2 Samuel 23:13

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 23:13

John Gill on 2 Samuel 23:13

Keil & Delitzsch on 2 Samuel 23:8–end

Dictionary and topics

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 2 Samuel 23:13

Rashi on 2 Samuel 23:13