2 Samuel 5:4

David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
David	דָּוִ֖ד da.Vid	H1732	David · proper noun, a man's name
thirty	שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים she.lo.Shim	H7970	thirty · noun, common masculine plural absolute
years	שָׁנָ֛ה sha.Nah	H8141	a year (as a revolution of time) · noun, common feminine singular absolute
old	בֶּן ben-	H1121	a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine singular construct
reign	בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ be.ma.le.Kho	H4427	to reign · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
reigned	מָלָֽךְ ma.Lakh	H4427	to reign · verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
forty	אַרְבָּעִ֥ים 'ar.ba.'Im	H705	forty · noun, common masculine plural absolute
years	שָׁנָ֖ה sha.Nah	H8141	a year (as a revolution of time) · noun, common feminine singular absolute

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

1 Chronicles 29:27 And the time that he reigned over Israel was forty years; seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusal…
1 Kings 2:11 And the days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jer…
1 Chronicles 26:31 Among the Hebronites was Jerijah the chief, even among the Hebronites, according to the generations of his fathers. In the fortieth year of…
Luke 3:23 And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli,
1 Chronicles 3:4 These six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 5:1-5

Here is, I. The humble address of all the tribes to David, beseeching him to take upon him the government (for they were now as sheep having no shepherd), and owning him for their king. Though David might by no means approve the murder of Ish-bosheth, yet he might improve the advantages he gained thereby, and accept the applications made to him thereupon. Judah had submitted to David as their king above seven years ago, and their ease and happiness, under his administration, encouraged the rest of the tribes to make their court to him. What numbers came from each tribe, with what zeal and sincerity they came, and how they were entertained for three days at Hebron, when they were all of one h…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 5:3

King David made a league with them in Hebron before the Lord--(see on Sa1 10:17). This formal declaration of the constitution was chiefly made at the commencement of a new dynasty, or at the restoration of the royal family after a usurpation (Kg2 11:17), though circumstances sometimes led to its being renewed on the accession of any new sovereign (Kg1 12:4). It seems to have been accompanied by religious solemnities.

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 5:3

They anointed David king - This was the third time that David was anointed, having now taken possession of the whole kingdom.

John Gill on 2 Samuel 5:4

David was thirty years old when he began reign,.... Over Judah, which was the age of his antitype Christ, when he entered upon his public ministry, Luke 3:23, and he reigned forty years; and six months, as appears by 2 Samuel 5:5; but the months are not mentioned, only the round number of years given: two reasons the Jews (a) give for this; the one, that he fled six months from Absalom; the other is, that he was ill in Hebron so long, and therefore are not reckoned. (a) Hieron. Trad. Heb. in lib. Reg. fol. 77. I.

Keil & Delitzsch

Dictionary and topics

Congregation — (Heb. kahal), the Hebrew people collectively as a holy community (Num. 15:15). Every circumcised Hebrew from twenty years old and upward was a member of the congregation. Strangers resident in the…
David — Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam.…
Hebron · .David crowned king of Israel at — .David crowned king of Israel at
Judah · .Make David king — .Make David king

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 5:1-5

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 5:3

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 5:3

John Gill on 2 Samuel 5:4

Keil & Delitzsch

Dictionary and topics

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 5:1-5

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 5:3

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 5:3

John Gill on 2 Samuel 5:4

Keil & Delitzsch

Dictionary and topics

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 2 Samuel 5:4-5