2 Samuel 8:10 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
2 Samuel 8:10
Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. And Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass:
to send away · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Joram
יֽוֹרָםyo.rom-
H3141
Joram · proper noun, a man's name
son
בְּנ֣וֹbe.No
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
king
הַמֶּֽלֶךְha.Me.lekh-
H4428
a king · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
David
דָּ֠וִדDa.vid
H1732
David · proper noun, a man's name
salute
לִשְׁאָלlish.'ol-
H7592
to inquire · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
bless
וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹu.le.va.ra.Kho
H1288
to kneel · conjunction + preposition + verb, piel infinitive construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
fought
נִלְחַ֤םnil.Cham
H3898
to feed on · verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Hadadezer
בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ba.ha.dad.'E.zer
H1909
Hadadezer · preposition + proper noun, a man's name
smitten
וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּvai.ya.Ke.hu
H5221
to strike (lightly or severely · conjunction + verb, hiphil sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
Hadadezer
הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶרha.dad.'A.zer
H1909
Hadadezer · proper noun, a man's name
wars
אִ֛ישׁ'ish
H376
a man as an individual or a male person · noun, common masculine singular construct
Toi
תֹּ֖עִיTo.'i
H8583
Tou or Toi · proper noun, a man's name
him
וּבְיָד֗וֹu.ve.ya.Do
H3027
a hand (the open one (indicating power · conjunction + preposition + noun, common both genders singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
vessels
כְּלֵֽיke.lei-
H3627
something prepared · noun, common masculine plural construct
silver
כֶ֥סֶףKhe.sef
H3701
silver (from its pale color) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
vessels
וּכְלֵֽיu.khe.lei-
H3627
something prepared · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural construct
gold
זָהָ֖בza.Hav
H2091
gold · noun, common masculine singular absolute
vessels
וּכְלֵ֥יu.khe.Lei
H3627
something prepared · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural construct
brass
נְחֹֽשֶׁתne.Cho.shet
H5178
copper · noun, common feminine singular absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
1 Samuel 13:10 And it came to pass, that as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came; and Saul went out to meet him,…
1 Chronicles 18:10 He sent Hadoram his son to king David, to enquire of his welfare, and to congratulate him, because he had fought against Hadarezer, and smit…
Psalms 129:8 Neither do they which go by say, The blessing of the LORD be upon you: we bless you in the name of the LORD.
Genesis 43:27 And he asked them of their welfare, and said, Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive?
1 Kings 1:47 And moreover the king’s servants came to bless our lord king David, saying, God make the name of Solomon better than thy name, and make his…
Isaiah 39:1 At that time Merodach-baladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah: for he had heard that he had bee…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 8:9-14
Here is, 1. The court made to David by the king of Hamath, who, it seems was at this time at war with the king of Zobah. He hearing of David's success against his enemy, sent his own son ambassador to him (Sa2 8:9, Sa2 8:10), to congratulate him on his victory, to return him thanks for the favour he had done him in breaking the power of one he was in fear of, and to beg his friendship. Thus he not only secured but strengthened himself. And David lost nothing by taking this little prince under his protection, any more than the old Romans did by the like policy; for the wealth he had from the countries he conquered by way of spoil he had from this by way of present or gratuity: Vessels of silv…
Toi king of Hamath - Hamath is supposed to be the famous city of Emesa, situated on the Orontes, in Syria. This was contiguous to
Hadadezer; and led him to wage war with Toi, that he might get possession of his territories. For a comparison of the 10th verse, see Ch1 18:9.
John Gill on 2 Samuel 8:10
Then Toi sent Joram his son unto King David,.... Who is called Hadoram in 1 Chronicles 18:10; though the Syriac and Arabic versions read Joram there:
to salute him: to inquire of his welfare after his fatigue in the battles he had had with the Moabites and Syrians, and to wish him all happiness and prosperity for the future:
and to bless him; to congratulate him on his victory, and to wish him success in all after wars he might be engaged in; and particularly to give him thanks for delivering him from so great an enemy as Hadadezer had been to him, as also to bring a present to him, which is sometimes called a blessing; see Genesis 33:11,
because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitt…
Armoury — The place in which armour was deposited when not used (Neh. 3:19; Jer. 50:25). At first each man of the Hebrews had his own arms, because all went to war. There were no arsenals or magazines for arms…
Cord — Frequently used in its proper sense, for fastening a tent (Ex. 35:18; 39:40), yoking animals to a cart (Isa. 5:18), binding prisoners (Judg. 15:13; Ps. 2:3; 129:4), and measuring ground (2 Sam. 8;2;…
David — Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam.…
Euphrates — Hebrew, Perath; Assyrian, Purat; Persian cuneiform, Ufratush, whence Greek Euphrates, meaning “sweet water.” The Assyrian name means “the stream,” or “the great stream.” It is generally called in the…
Hadadezer — Hadad is help; called also Hadarezer, Adod is his help, the king of Zobah. Hanun, the king of the Ammonites, hired among others the army of Hadadezer to assist him in his war against David. Joab, who…
Hadarezer — Adod is his help, the name given to Hadadezer (2 Sam. 8:3-12) in 2 Sam. 10.
Hadoram — Is exalted. (1.) The son of Tou, king of Hamath, sent by his father to congratulate David on his victory over Hadarezer, king of Syria (1 Chr. 18:10; called Joram 2 Sam. 8:10). (2.) The fifth son of…
Hamath — Fortress, the capital of one of the kingdoms of Upper Syria of the same name, on the Orontes, in the valley of Lebanon, at the northern boundary of Palestine (Num. 13:21; 34:8), at the foot of Hermon…
Jehoram — Jehovah-exalted. (1.) Son of Toi, king of Hamath, sent by his father to congratulate David on the occasion of his victory over Hadadezer (2 Sam. 8:10). (2.) A Levite of the family of Gershom (1 Chr.…
Joram — =Jeho’ram. (1.) One of the kings of Israel (2 Kings 8:16, 25, 28). He was the son of Ahab. (2.) Jehoram, the son and successor of Jehoshaphat on the throne of Judah (2 Kings 8:24).
Keil & Delitzsch on 2 Samuel 8:9-10
After the defeat of the king of Zobah and his allies, Toi king of Hamath sought for David's friendship, sending his son to salute him, and conveying to him at the same time a considerable present of vessels of silver, gold, and brass. The name Toi is written Tou in the Chronicles, according to a different mode of interpretation; and the name of the son is given as Hadoram in the Chronicles, instead of Joram as in the text before us. The former is evidently the true reading, and Joram an error of the pen, as the Israelitish name Joram is not one that we should expect to find among Aramaeans; whilst Hadoram occurs in Ch1 1:21 in the midst of Arabic names, and it cannot be shown that the Hadora…
his son: King Toi dispatched the crown prince rather than another entourage on this mission because he considered it vital to stay properly connected with David. • Joram: The prefix Jo- is an abbreviated form of Yahweh; Joram means “Yahweh is exalted.” In 1 Chr 18:10 the prince’s name is Hadoram, which means “Hadad [a Canaanite god] is exalted.” It is possible that Toi changed the prince’s name for diplomatic reasons, to make it more agreeable to David.
Rashi on 2 Samuel 8:7
The golden quivers. They are the quivers in which the arrows are put as you say, (Yirmeyah 51:11). "clean out the arrows, till the quivers." All these chapters7Concerning Dovid’s battles. have been set near the chapter concerning the Beis Hamikdash8Dovid’s desire to build a Beis Hamikdash for Hashem in the previous chapter (7:2) and Hashem’s subsequent response. because from all these wars [Dovid] gathered consecrated items for the needs of the House [i.e., Beis Hamikdash].
Palestine — Originally denoted only the sea-coast of the land of Canaan inhabited by the Philistines (Ex. 15:14; Isa. 14:29, 31; Joel 3:4), and in this sense exclusively the Hebrew name Pelesheth (rendered…
Rabbah — Or Rab’bath, great. (1.) “Rabbath of the children of Ammon,” the chief city of the Ammonites, among the eastern hills, some 20 miles east of the Jordan, on the southern of the two streams which…
Toi — A king of Hamath, who sent “Joram his son unto King David to salute him,” when he “heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer” (2 Sam. 8:9, 10). Called Tou (1 Chr. 18:9, 10).
Zoba, Or Zobah — (station), the name of a portion of Syria which formed a separate kingdom in the time of the Jewish monarchs Saul, David and Solomon. It probably was eastward of Coele-Syria, and extended thence…
Brass, Or Copper · Taken in war: Generally consecrated to God — Taken in war: Generally consecrated to God
Dedication · Subjects of: Tribute from foreigners — Subjects of: Tribute from foreigners
Diplomacy · .Of Toi, to promote the friendship of David — .Of Toi, to promote the friendship of David
Hadadezer · King of Zobah, vanquished by David — King of Zobah, vanquished by David
Hadoram · . — .
Hamath · David receives gifts of gold and silver from Toi, king of — David receives gifts of gold and silver from Toi, king of
Joram · 1. A — 1. A
Salutations · Often sent through messengers — Often sent through messengers
Silver · Vessels of — Vessels of
Syria · .Hamath — .Hamath
Toi · King of Hamath — King of Hamath
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
