Deuteronomy 5:14 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Deuteronomy 5:14
But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou.
a day (as the warm hours) · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct
sabbath
שַׁבָּ֖֣תsha.Bat
H7676
intermission · noun, common feminine singular absolute
LORD
לַיהוָ֣֥הla.Yah.weh
H3068
Jehovah · preposition + proper noun, a title
God
אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ'e.lo.Hei.kha
H430
gods in the ordinary sense · noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
do
תַעֲשֶׂ֣הta.'a.Seh
H6213
to do or make · verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Hebrews 4:4 For he spake in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, And God did rest the seventh day from all his works.
Genesis 2:2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
Exodus 16:29-30 See, for that the LORD hath given you the sabbath, therefore he giveth you on the sixth day the bread of two days; abide ye every man in his…
Exodus 23:12 Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid,…
Nehemiah 5:5 Yet now our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren, our children as their children: and, lo, we bring into bondage our sons and our daughters…
Nehemiah 13:21 Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that time f…
Leviticus 25:44-46 Both thy bondmen, and thy bondmaids, which thou shalt have, shall be of the heathen that are round about you; of them shall ye buy bondmen a…
Nehemiah 13:15 In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Deuteronomy 5:6-22
Here is the repetition of the ten commandments, in which observe, 1. Though they had been spoken before, and written, yet they are again rehearsed; for precept must be upon precept, and line upon line, and all little enough to keep the word of God in our minds and to preserve and renew the impressions of it. We have need to have the same things often inculcated upon us. See Phi 3:1. 2. There is some variation here from that record (Ex. 20), as there is between the Lord's prayer as it is in Mt. 6 and as it is Lu. 11. In both it is more necessary that we tie ourselves to the things than to the words unalterably. 3. The most considerable variation is in the fourth commandment. In Ex. 20 the rea…
that thy man-servant and thy maid-servant may rest as well as thou--This is a different reason for the observance of the Sabbath from what is assigned in Exo 20:8-11, where that day is stated to be an appointed memorial of the creation. But the addition of another motive for the observance does not imply any necessary contrariety to the other; and it has been thought probable that, the commemorative design of the institution being well known, the other reason was specially mentioned on this repetition of the law, to secure the privilege of sabbatic rest to servants, of which, in some Hebrew families, they had been deprived. In this view, the allusion to the period of Egyptian bondage (Deu 5:…
Nor thine ox, nor thine ass,.... In Exodus 20:10, it is only in general said:
nor thy cattle: here by way of illustration and explanation the ox and the ass are particularly mentioned; the one being used in ploughing ground, and treading out the corn, and the other in carrying burdens; and it is added:
nor any of thy cattle; as their camels, or whatever else they were wont to use in any kind of service; they were none of them to do any kind of work on the sabbath day. The following clause also is not used before, which expresses the end of this institution:
that thy manservant and thy maidservant may have rest as well as thee; which if the cattle had not rest, they could not have, being o…
Dictionary and topics
Proselyte — Is used in the LXX. for “stranger” (1 Chr. 22:2), i.e., a comer to Palestine; a sojourner in the land (Ex. 12:48; 20:10; 22:21), and in the New Testament for a convert to Judaism. There were such…
Agriculture · LAWS CONCERNING — LAWS CONCERNING
Anthropomorphisms · .Resting — .Resting
Ass, The Domestic · Laws respecting: To enjoy the rest of the Sabbath — Laws respecting: To enjoy the rest of the Sabbath
B · Domestic: To enjoy the sabbath — Domestic: To enjoy the sabbath
Commandments · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Decalogue · Divine authority of — Divine authority of
Employer · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Golden Rule · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Law · .Engraved on stone — .Engraved on stone
Master · SCRIPTURES RELATING TO MASTERS OF SERVANTS — SCRIPTURES RELATING TO MASTERS OF SERVANTS
Masters · Should, with their households: Observe the Sabbath — Should, with their households: Observe the Sabbath
Obedience · ENJOINED
work
מְלָאכָ֡הme.la.Khah
H4399
properly · noun, common feminine singular absolute
son
וּבִנְךָֽu.vin.kha-
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
daughter
וּבִתֶּ֣ךָu.vi.Te.kha
H1323
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms… · conjunction + noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
manservant
וְעַבְדְּךָֽve.'av.de.kha-
H5650
a servant · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
maidservant
וַ֠אֲמָתֶךָVa.'a.ma.te.kha
H519
a maidservant or female slave · conjunction + noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
ox
וְשׁוֹרְךָ֨ve.shor.Kha
H7794
a bullock (as a traveller) · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
ass
וַחֲמֹֽרְךָ֜va.cha.mo.re.Kha
H2543
a male ass (from its dun red) · conjunction + noun, common both genders singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
cattle
בְּהֶמְתֶּ֗ךָbe.hem.Te.kha
H929
properly · noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
stranger
וְגֵֽרְךָ֙ve.ge.re.Kha
H1616
properly · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
gates
בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָbish.'a.Rei.kha
H8179
an opening · preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
manservant
עַבְדְּךָ֥'av.de.Kha
H5650
a servant · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
maidservant
וַאֲמָתְךָ֖va.'a.ma.te.Kha
H519
a maidservant or female slave · conjunction + noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
rest
יָנ֛וּחַya.Nu.ach
H5117
to rest · verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular
Deuteronomy 5:12-15
12. Keep the sabbath-day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee.
12. Observa diem Sabbathi ut eum sanctifices, quemadmodum praecepit Jehova Deus tuus.
13. Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work:
13. Sex diebus operaberis, et facies universum opus tuum: dies autem septimus sabbathum est Jehovae Dei tui.
14. But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou.
14. Non fa…
In vv. 6-21, the ten covenant words are repeated from Ex 20, with only a few variations, which have already been discussed in connection with the exposition of the decalogue at Exo 20:1-14. - In Deu 5:22-33, Moses expounds still further the short account in Exo 20:18-21, viz., that after the people had heard the ten covenant words, in their alarm at the awful phenomena in which the Lord revealed His glory, they entreated him to stand between as mediator, that God Himself might not speak to them any further, and that they might not die, and then promised that they would hearken to all that the Lord should speak to him (Exo 20:23 -31). His purpose in doing so was to link on the exhortation in…
keeping it holy: Certain holy days were set apart from others and were given extraordinary significance. On the Sabbath day, the community stopped working and worshiped the Lord (cp. 1 Cor 16:2; Heb 10:25).
Rashi on Deuteronomy 5:12
שמור OBSERVE [THE SABBATH DAY] — But in the former Ten Commandments (i.e. where they were first promulgated, in Exodus XX.), it states, “Remember [the Sabbath day]"! The explanation is: Both of them (זכור and שמור) were spoken in one utterance and as one word, and were heard in one hearing (i.e. were heard simultaneously) (Mekhilta).
כאשר צוך [OBSERVE THE SABBATH DAY TO SANCTIFY IT] AS [THE LORD THY GOD] COMMANDED THEE before the giving of the Law, at Marah (Shabbat 87b).
Ox, The · Laws respecting: To rest on the Sabbath — Laws respecting: To rest on the Sabbath
Sabbath · UNCLASSIFIED SCRIPTURES RELATING TO — UNCLASSIFIED SCRIPTURES RELATING TO
Sabbath, The · Servants and cattle should be allowed to rest upon — Servants and cattle should be allowed to rest upon
Seven · .Week consists of — .Week consists of
Strangers In Israel · Laws respecting: Not to work on the Sabbath — Laws respecting: Not to work on the Sabbath
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
