Ecclesiastes 2:3 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Ecclesiastes 2:3
I sought in mine heart to give myself unto wine, yet acquainting mine heart with wisdom; and to lay hold on folly, till I might see what was that good for the sons of men, which they should do under the heaven all the days of their life.
to meander (causatively · verb, qal perfect, 1st person common singular
heart
בְלִבִּ֔יve.li.Bi
H3820
the heart · preposition + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix
give
לִמְשׁ֥וֹךְlim.Shokh
H4900
to draw · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
myself
בְּשָׂרִ֑יbe.sa.Ri
H1320
flesh (from its freshness) · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix
wine
בַּיַּ֖יִןbai.Ya.yin
H3196
wine (as fermented) · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
acquainting
נֹהֵ֤גno.Heg
H5090
to drive forth (a person · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
heart
וְלִבִּ֞יve.li.Bi
H3820
the heart · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix
wisdom
בַּֽחָכְמָה֙ba.cha.khe.Mah
H2451
wisdom (in a good sense) · preposition with the article + noun, common feminine singular absolute
hold
וְלֶאֱחֹ֣זve.le.'e.Choz
H270
to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in p… · conjunction + preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
folly
בְּסִכְל֔וּתbe.sikh.Lut
H5531
silliness · preposition + noun, common feminine singular absolute
see
אֶרְאֶ֗ה'er.'Eh
H7200
to see · verb, qal imperfect, 1st person common singular
good
ט֜וֹבTov
H2896
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense · adjective, masculine singular absolute
sons
לִבְנֵ֤יliv.Nei
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct
men
הָאָדָם֙ha.'a.Dam
H120
ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
do
יַעֲשׂוּ֙ya.'a.Su
H6213
to do or make · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
heaven
הַשָּׁמַ֔יִםha.sha.Ma.yim
H8064
the sky (as aloft · definite article + noun, common masculine plural absolute
all
מִסְפַּ֖רmis.Par
H4557
a number · noun, common masculine singular construct
days
יְמֵ֥יye.Mei
H3117
a day (as the warm hours) · noun, common masculine plural construct
life
חַיֵּיהֶֽםchai.yei.Hem
H2416
alive · noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine plural
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Proverbs 20:1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.
Ecclesiastes 1:17 And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I perceived that this also is vexation of spirit.
Genesis 47:9 And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years…
Proverbs 31:4-5 It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine; nor for princes strong drink:
Ecclesiastes 6:12 For who knoweth what is good for man in this life, all the days of his vain life which he spendeth as a shadow? for who can tell a man what…
Ecclesiastes 12:13 Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man.
Ephesians 5:18 And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit;
1 Samuel 25:36 And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal’s heart was merry within him, for…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Ecclesiastes 2:1-11
Solomon here, in pursuit of the summum bonum - the felicity of man, adjourns out of his study, his library, his elaboratory, his council-chamber, where he had in vain sought for it, into the park and the playhouse, his garden and his summer-house; he exchanges the company of the philosophers and grave senators for that of the wits and gallants, and the beaux-esprits, of his court, to try if he could find true satisfaction and happiness among them. Here he takes a great step downward, from the noble pleasures of the intellect to the brutal ones of sense; yet, if he resolve to make a thorough trial, he must knock at this door, because here a great part of mankind imagine they have found that w…
Illustration more at large of Ecc 2:1-2.
I sought--I resolved, after search into many plans.
give myself unto wine--literally, "to draw my flesh," or "body to wine" (including all banquetings). Image from a captive drawn after a chariot in triumph (Rom 6:16, Rom 6:19; Co1 12:2); or, one "allured" (Pe2 2:18-19).
yet acquainting . . . wisdom--literally, "and my heart (still) was behaving, or guiding itself," with wisdom [GESENIUS]. MAURER translates: "was weary of (worldly) wisdom." But the end of Ecc 2:9 confirms English Version.
folly--namely, pleasures of the flesh, termed "mad," Ecc 2:2.
all the days, &c.--(See Margin and Ecc 6:12; Job 15:20).
John Gill on Ecclesiastes 2:3
I sought in mine heart to give myself unto wine,.... Not in an immoderate way, so as to intoxicate himself with it, in which there can be no pleasure, nor any show of happiness; but in a moderate, yet liberal way, so as to be innocently cheerful and pleasant, and hereby try what good and happiness were to be possessed in this way. By "wine" is meant, not that only, but everything eatable and drinkable that is good; it signifies what is called good living, good eating and drinking: Solomon always lived well; was brought up as a prince, and, when he came to the throne, lived like a king; but being increased in riches, and willing to make trial of the good that was in all the creatures of God,…
It is not the acuity of the mind but rather the disposition of the soul, being employed beneficially or shamefully in making use of the gift, which is to be praised or condemned.
"I thought to stimulate my body with wine while my heart is involved with wisdom, and to grasp folly, until I can discern which is best for mankind to do under the heavens during the brief span of their lives. " I wanted to stimulate my life with enjoyment, and to lull my body, as if freed from all worries by wine, in the same way with desire; but my deep consideration and inborn reasoning, which God the creator mingled even into my sins, drew me away from the idea and led me back to seek wisdom and to spurn foolishness, so that I was able to see what was good, that men can do in the span of their lives. But he has compared desire eloquently with intoxication. Since he intoxicates and destroys the vitality of his spirit, which he was able to change into wisdom and obtains spiritual happiness, (as it is written in certain manuscripts), he is able to discern which things ought to be sought out in this life, and which avoided.
"I," however, said Ecclesiastes, "have sought the good proper to youth and every other stage of life. We are never satiated; rather, appetite is common to us all while passion flowers with enjoyment and is not circumscribed by the attainment of its desire." But inasmuch as we perceive the good in pleasure, any delight sets desire aflame, for pleasure is united to desire and is always attractive to each stage of our growth. Neither is the good associated with instability; it provides instruction and is a model in both prosperous and calamitous situations whether they occur at night or day, travelling, on the sea, at work or rest, ruling or serving or in any of life's circumstances. Neither does the good suffer diminution or grown in anything which may befall us whether it happens to be harmful or beneficial. In my opinion this is the true good which Solomon seeks and which men do under the sun while they are alive. For me it is nothing more than the work of faith common to all men who wish to have it abide throughout their entire lives. This is the good work done in us in Christ Jesus our Lord, to whom be glory forever. Amen.
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).
Dictionary and topics
Epicureans · Doctrines propagated by, familiar to — Doctrines propagated by, familiar to
Investigation · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Pleasure · WORLDLY — WORLDLY
Vanity · Worldly enjoyment is — Worldly enjoyment is
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
Keil & Delitzsch on Ecclesiastes 2:3
"I searched in my heart, (henceforth) to nourish my body with wine, while my heart had the direction by means of wisdom; and to lay hold on folly, till I might see what it was good for the children of men that they should do, all the number of the days of their life." After he became conscious that unbridled sensual intoxication does not lead to the wished-for end, he looked around him farther, and examined into the following reception for happiness. Inappropriately, Zckl., with Hengst.: "I essayed in my heart to nourish ...." תּוּר does not mean probare, but explorare, to spy out, Num 10:33, and frequently in the Book of Koheleth (here and at Ecc 1:13; Ecc 7:25) of mental searching and disc…
The Teacher understood that trying to cheer himself with wine was foolishness, but he did it while still seeking wisdom—i.e., during his attempt to understand how to experience . . . happiness. This proved to be empty (2:11). • brief life in this world: The totality of human experience is “a breath.”
Rashi on Ecclesiastes 2:3
I searched in my heart. I repeatedly searched in my heart to grasp them all, partying, wisdom, and folly, and to stimulate and to pamper my body by imbibing in wine. Every luxurious banquet is referred to as wine [=יַיִּן.
And my heart conducted itself with wisdom. Even if my body is imbibed with wine, my heart conducted itself with wisdom and Torah observance.
And to grasp foolishness. To things that appear foolish to me, concerning which I said, “Because God is with me, I will be able,”5Mishlei 30:1. for example, the [prohibition against] wearing sha’atnez and having mingled species in a vineyard, which Satan and the nations of the world are critical of, and so it states, “It is best to…