Esther 1:22

For he sent letters into all the king’s provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
sent	וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח vai.yish.Lach	H7971	to send away · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
letters	סְפָרִים֙ se.fa.Rim	H5612	properly · noun, common masculine plural absolute
king’s	הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ ha.Me.lekh	H4428	a king · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
provinces	מְדִינ֣וֹת me.di.Not	H4082	properly · noun, common feminine plural construct
province	מְדִינָ֤ה me.di.Nah	H4082	properly · noun, common feminine singular absolute
writing	כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ kikh.ta.Vah	H3791	something written · preposition + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person feminine singular
people	עַ֥ם 'am	H5971	a people (as a congregated unit) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
language	כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ kil.sho.No	H3956	the tongue (of man or animals) · preposition + noun, common both genders singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
man	אִישׁ֙ 'ish	H376	a man as an individual or a male person · noun, common masculine singular absolute
rule	שֹׂרֵ֣ר so.Rer	H8323	to have (transitively · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
house	בְּבֵית֔וֹ be.vei.To	H1004	a house (in the greatest variation of applications · preposition + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
published	וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר u.me.da.Ber	H1696	perhaps properly · conjunction + verb, piel active participle, masculine singular absolute
language	כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן kil.Shon	H3956	the tongue (of man or animals) · preposition + noun, common both genders singular construct
people	וָעָ֖ם va.'Am	H5971	a people (as a congregated unit) · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular absolute

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

Esther 3:12 Then were the king’s scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commande…
Esther 8:9 Then were the king’s scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and i…
Ephesians 5:22-24 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord.
1 Timothy 2:12 But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence.
Daniel 3:29 Therefore I make a decree, That every people, nation, and language, which speak any thing amiss against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Ab…
Daniel 4:1 Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all people, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; Peace be multiplied unto you.
Luke 16:8 And the lord commended the unjust steward, because he had done wisely: for the children of this world are in their generation wiser than the…
Acts 2:5-11 And there were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of every nation under heaven.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Esther 1:10–end

We have here a damp to all the mirth of Ahasuerus's feast; it ended in heaviness, not as Job's children's feast by a wind from the wilderness, not as Belshazzar's by a hand-writing on the wall, but by is own folly. An unhappy falling out there was, at the end of the feast, between the king and queen, which broke of the feast abruptly, and sent the guests away silent and ashamed. I. It was certainly the king's weakness to send for Vashti into his presence when he was drunk, and in company with abundance of gentlemen, many of whom, it is likely, were in the same condition. When his heart was merry with wine nothing would serve him but Vashti must come, well dressed as she was, with the crown o…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Esther 1:13

Then the king said to the wise men--These were probably the magi, without whose advice as to the proper time of doing a thing the Persian kings never did take any step whatever; and the persons named in Est 1:14 were the "seven counsellors" (compare Ezr 7:14) who formed the state ministry. The combined wisdom of all, it seems, was enlisted to consult with the king what course should be taken after so unprecedented an occurrence as Vashti's disobedience of the royal summons. It is scarcely possible for us to imagine the astonishment produced by such a refusal in a country and a court where the will of the sovereign was absolute. The assembled grandees were petrified with horror at the daring…

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Adam Clarke on Esther 1:22

That every man should bear rule in his own house - Both God's law and common sense taught this from the foundation of the world. And is it possible that this did not obtain in the Persian empire, previously to this edict? The twentieth verse has another clause, That all wives shall give to their husbands honor, both to great and small. This also was universally understood. This law did nothing. I suppose the parade of enactment was only made to deprive honest Vashti of her crown. The Targum adds, "That each woman should speak the language of her husband." If she were even a foreigner, she should be obliged to learn and speak the language of the king. Perhaps there might be some common sense…

Dictionary and topics

Shushan — A lily, the Susa of Greek and Roman writers, once the capital of Elam. It lay in the uplands of Susiana, on the east of the Tigris, about 150 miles to the north of the head of the Persian Gulf. It is…
Divorce · in the Persian empire — in the Persian empire
Family · GOVERNMENT OF — GOVERNMENT OF
Husband · .Ahasuerus — .Ahasuerus
Language · Ancient kingdoms often comprehended nations of different — Ancient kingdoms often comprehended nations of different
Persia · courtiers — courtiers
Proclamation · Imperial — Imperial
Queen · Divorce — Divorce
Vashti · banquet — banquet
Wife · Incorruptible, Vashti — Incorruptible, Vashti

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).

Esther 1:22

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Esther 1:10–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Esther 1:13

Adam Clarke on Esther 1:22

Dictionary and topics

Esther 1:22

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Esther 1:10–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Esther 1:13

Adam Clarke on Esther 1:22

Dictionary and topics

John Gill on Esther 1:22

Keil & Delitzsch on Esther 1:21–end

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Esther 1:22

Rashi on Esther 1:22