Exodus 14:8

And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
LORD	יְהֹוָ֗ה Yah.weh	H3068	Jehovah · proper noun, a title
hardened	וַיְחַזֵּ֣ק vay.cha.Zek	H2388	to fasten upon · conjunction + verb, piel sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
heart	לֵ֤ב lev	H3820	the heart · noun, common masculine singular construct
Pharaoh	פַּרְעֹה֙ par.'Oh	H6547	Paroh · noun, masculine singular absolute
king	מֶ֣לֶךְ Me.lekh	H4428	a king · noun, common masculine singular construct
Egypt	מִצְרַ֔יִם mitz.Ra.yim	H4714	Mitsrajim · proper noun, a place name
pursued	וַיִּרְדֹּ֕ף vai.yir.Dof	H7291	to run after (usually with hostile intent · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
after	אַחֲרֵ֖י 'a.cha.Rei	H310	properly · cardinal number, masculine plural construct
children	בְּנֵ֣י be.Nei	H1121	a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל Yis.ra.'El	H3478	Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
children	וּבְנֵ֣י u.ve.Nei	H1121	a son (as a builder of the family name) · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural construct
Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל Yis.ra.'El	H3478	Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
out	יֹצְאִ֖ים yo.tze.'Im	H3318	to go (causatively · verb, qal active participle, masculine plural absolute
high	רָמָֽה ra.Mah	H7311	to be high actively · verb, qal active participle, feminine singular absolute
hand	בְּיָ֥ד be.Yad	H3027	a hand (the open one (indicating power · preposition + noun, common both genders singular absolute

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

Numbers 33:3 And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the morrow after the passover the children of…
Acts 13:17 The God of this people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an hi…
Exodus 6:1 Then the LORD said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong…
Exodus 13:16 And it shall be for a token upon thine hand, and for frontlets between thine eyes: for by strength of hand the LORD brought us forth out of…
Exodus 14:4 And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egy…
Deuteronomy 26:8 And the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terribleness, and with signs, an…
Exodus 13:9 And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a memorial between thine eyes, that the LORD’s law may be in thy mouth: for wi…
Exodus 13:18 But God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red sea: and the children of Israel went up harnessed out of the land…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Exodus 14:1-9

We have here, I. Instructions given to Moses concerning Israel's motions and encampments, which were so very surprising that if Moses had not express orders about them before they would scarcely have been persuaded to follow the pillar of cloud and fire. That therefore there might be no scruple nor dissatisfaction about it, Moses is told before, 1. Whither they must go, Exo 14:1, Exo 14:2. They had got to the edge of the wilderness (Exo 13:20), and a stage or two more would have brought them to Horeb, the place appointed for their serving God; but, instead of going forward, they are ordered to turn short off, on the right hand from Canaan, and to march towards the Red Sea. Where they were, a…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 14:6

he made ready his chariot--His preparations for an immediate and hot pursuit are here described: A difference is made between "the chosen chariots" and "the chariots of Egypt." The first evidently composed the king's guard, amounting to six hundred, and they are called "chosen," literally, "third men"; three men being allotted to each chariot, the charioteer and two warriors. As to "the chariots of Egypt," the common cars contained only two persons, one for driving and the other for fighting; sometimes only one person was in the chariot, the driver lashed the reins round his body and fought; infantry being totally unsuitable for a rapid pursuit, and the Egyptians having had no cavalry, the w…

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Adam Clarke on Exodus 14:7

Six hundred chosen chariots, etc. - According to the most authentic accounts we have of war-chariots, they were frequently drawn by two or by four horses, and carried three persons: one was charioteer, whose business it was to guide the horses, but he seldom fought; the second chiefly defended the charioteer; and the third alone was properly the combatant. It appears that in this case Pharaoh had collected all the cavalry of Egypt; (see Exo 14:17); and though these might not have been very numerous, yet, humanly speaking, they might easily overcome the unarmed and encumbered Israelites, who could not be supposed to be able to make any resistance against cavalry and war-chariots.

The Church Fathers

But the same Christ the Lord who did all these things now goes through baptism before the Christian people in the pillar of his body—he who at that time went through the sea before the children of Israel in the pillar of fire. This, I say, is the column which at that time offered light to the eyes of those who followed and now ministers light to the hearts of those who believe, which then made firm a watery path in the waves and now strengthens the traces of faith in the washing. Through this faith—as was the case with the children of Israel—the one who walks calmly will not fear Egypt in pursuit.
— Maximus of Turin, SERMON 100.3

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Red Sea — The sea so called extends along the west coast of Arabia for about 1,400 miles, and separates Asia from Africa. It is connected with the Indian Ocean, of which it is an arm, by the Strait of…
Disobedience To God · .Of Pharaoh, in refusing to let the people of Israel go — .Of Pharaoh, in refusing to let the people of Israel go
Egypt · .Army of — .Army of
Egyptians · Pursue Israelites, and the army of, — Pursue Israelites, and the army of,
Impenitence · .Pharaoh — .Pharaoh
Readings, Select · THE — THE

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).

Exodus 14:8

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Exodus 14:1-9

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 14:6

Adam Clarke on Exodus 14:7

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Exodus 14:8

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Exodus 14:1-9

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 14:6

Adam Clarke on Exodus 14:7

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

John Gill on Exodus 14:8

John Calvin on Exodus 14:1-18

Keil & Delitzsch on Exodus 14:3-9

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Exodus 14:6-7

Rashi on Exodus 14:8