Exodus 23:12

Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
Six	שֵׁ֤שֶׁת She.shet	H8337	six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the h… · cardinal number, both genders singular construct
days	יָמִים֙ ya.Mim	H3117	a day (as the warm hours) · noun, common masculine plural absolute
do	תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה ta.'a.Seh	H6213	to do or make · verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular
work	מַעֲשֶׂ֔יךָ ma.'a.Sei.kha	H4639	an action (good or bad) · noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
seventh	הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י ha.she.vi.'I	H7637	seventh · definite article + ordinal number, masculine singular absolute
day	וּבַיּ֥וֹם u.vai.Yom	H3117	a day (as the warm hours) · conjunction + preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
rest	תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת tish.Bot	H7673	to repose · verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular
ox	שֽׁוֹרְךָ֙ shor.Kha	H7794	a bullock (as a traveller) · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
ass	וַחֲמֹרֶ֔ךָ va.cha.mo.Re.kha	H2543	a male ass (from its dun red) · conjunction + noun, common both genders singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
rest	יָנ֗וּחַ ya.Nu.ach	H5117	to rest · verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular
son	בֶּן ben-	H1121	a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine singular construct
handmaid	אֲמָתְךָ֖ 'a.ma.te.Kha	H519	a maidservant or female slave · noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
stranger	וְהַגֵּֽר ve.ha.Ger	H1616	properly · conjunction + definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
refreshed	וְיִנָּפֵ֥שׁ ve.yi.na.Fesh	H5314	to breathe · conjunction + verb, niphal, 3rd person masculine singular

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

Luke 13:14 And the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day, and said unto the people, There…
Exodus 20:8-11 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Exodus 31:15-16 Six days may work be done; but in the seventh is the sabbath of rest, holy to the LORD: whosoever doeth any work in the sabbath day, he shal…
Exodus 34:21 Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.
Exodus 35:3 Ye shall kindle no fire throughout your habitations upon the sabbath day.
Deuteronomy 5:13-15 Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work:
Isaiah 58:3 Wherefore have we fasted, say they, and thou seest not? wherefore have we afflicted our soul, and thou takest no knowledge? Behold, in the d…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Exodus 23:10-19

Here is, I. The institution of the sabbatical year, Exo 23:10, Exo 23:11. Every seventh year the land was to rest; they must not plough nor sow it at the beginning of the year, and then they could not expect any great harvest at the end of the year: but what the earth did produce of itself should be eaten from hand to mouth, and not laid up. Now this was designed, 1. To show what a plentiful land that was into which God was bringing them - that so numerous a people could have rich maintenance out of the produce of so small a country, without foreign trade, and yet could spare the increase of every seventh year. 2. To remind them of their dependence upon God their great landlord, and their ob…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 23:12

Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest--This law is repeated [Exo 20:9] lest any might suppose there was a relaxation of its observance during the sabbatical year.

Adam Clarke on Exodus 23:12

Six days thou shalt do thy work - Though they were thus bound to keep the sabbatical year, yet they must not neglect the seventh day's rest or weekly Sabbath; for that was of perpetual obligation, and was paramount to all others. That the sanctification of the Sabbath was of great consequence in the sight of God, we may learn from the various repetitions of this law; and we may observe that it has still for its object, not only the benefit of the soul, but the health and comfort of the body also. Doth God care for oxen? Yes; and he mentions them with tenderness, that thine ox and thine ass may rest. How criminal to employ the laboring cattle on the Sabbath, as well as upon the other days of…

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John Gill on Exodus 23:12

Six days thou shalt do thy work,.... That is, they might do what work they would on the six days of the week: and on the seventh day thou shall rest; from all the work and labour done on other days, and give up themselves to religious exercises: that thine ox and thine ass may rest; and so every other beast, as horses, camels, &c. and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed; the former, the Targum of Jonathan, and so Jarchi, interprets, of one uncircumcised, and the latter, of a proselyte of the gate: this law is here repeated, partly to show that it is of the same kind with the former, namely, ceremonial and temporary; and partly, as Jarchi observes, lest it should be…

Dictionary and topics

Beast — This word is used of flocks or herds of grazing animals (Ex. 22:5; Num. 20:4, 8, 11; Ps. 78:48); of beasts of burden (Gen. 45:17); of eatable beasts (Prov. 9:2); and of swift beasts or dromedaries…
Law of Moses — Is the whole body of the Mosaic legislation (1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 23:25; Ezra 3:2). It is called by way of eminence simply “the Law” (Heb. Torah, Deut. 1:5; 4:8, 44; 17:18, 19; 27:3, 8). As a written…
Ox — Heb. bakar, “cattle;” “neat cattle”, (Gen. 12:16; 34:28; Job 1:3, 14; 42:12, etc.); not to be muzzled when treading the corn (Deut. 25:4). Referred to by our Lord in his reproof to the Pharisees…
Proselyte — Is used in the LXX. for “stranger” (1 Chr. 22:2), i.e., a comer to Palestine; a sojourner in the land (Ex. 12:48; 20:10; 22:21), and in the New Testament for a convert to Judaism. There were such…
Sabbath — (Heb. verb shabbath, meaning “to rest from labour”), the day of rest. It is first mentioned as having been instituted in Paradise, when man was in innocence (Gen. 2:2). “The sabbath was made for…
Sabbatical year — Every seventh year, during which the land, according to the law of Moses, had to remain uncultivated (Lev. 25:2-7; comp. Ex. 23:10, 11, 12; Lev. 26:34, 35). Whatever grew of itself during that year…
Agriculture · LAWS CONCERNING — LAWS CONCERNING
Ass (Donkey) · .Rest on the Sabbath — .Rest on the Sabbath
Bullock · .Rest for — .Rest for
Industry · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Labor · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning

Exodus 23:12

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Exodus 23:10-19

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 23:12

Adam Clarke on Exodus 23:12

John Gill on Exodus 23:12

Dictionary and topics

Exodus 23:12

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Exodus 23:10-19

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 23:12

Adam Clarke on Exodus 23:12

John Gill on Exodus 23:12

Dictionary and topics

John Calvin on Exodus 23:12

Keil & Delitzsch on Exodus 23:1-13

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Exodus 23:10-12

Rashi on Exodus 23:12