Genesis 21:14 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Genesis 21:14
And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.
properly · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
took
וַיִּֽקַּֽחvai.yi.kach-
H3947
to take (in the widest variety of applications) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
bread
לֶחֶם֩le.Chem
H3899
food (for man or beast) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
bottle
וְחֵ֨מַתve.Che.mat
H2573
a skin bottle (as tied up) · conjunction + noun, common feminine singular construct
water
מַ֜יִםMa.yim
H4325
water · noun, common masculine plural absolute
gave
וַיִּתֵּ֣ןvai.yi.Ten
H5414
to give · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Hagar
הָ֠גָרHa.gor
H1904
Hagar · proper noun, a woman's name
putting
שָׂ֧םsam
H7760
to put (used in a great variety of applications · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
shoulder
שִׁכְמָ֛הּshikh.Mah
H7926
the neck (between the shoulders) as the place of burdens · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person feminine singular
child
הַיֶּ֖לֶדhai.Ye.led
H3206
something born · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
away
וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֑הָvay.sha.le.Che.ha
H7971
to send away · conjunction + verb, piel sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + pronominal suffix, 3rd person feminine singular
departed
יָלַךְyâlak
H3212
to walk (literally or figuratively)
wandered
וַתֵּ֔תַעva.Te.ta'
H8582
to vacillate · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular
wilderness
בְּמִדְבַּ֖רbe.mid.Bar
H4057
a pasture (i.e. open field · preposition + noun, common masculine singular construct
Beer-sheba
בְּאֵ֥רbe.'Er
H884
Beer-Sheba · proper noun, a place name
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Genesis 16:7 And the angel of the LORD found her by a fountain of water in the wilderness, by the fountain in the way to Shur.
Genesis 21:31 Wherefore he called that place Beer-sheba; because there they sware both of them.
Genesis 25:6 But unto the sons of the concubines, which Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts, and sent them away from Isaac his son, while he yet lived, eastw…
Genesis 26:31 And they rose up betimes in the morning, and sware one to another: and Isaac sent them away, and they departed from him in peace.
1 Kings 19:3 And when he saw that, he arose, and went for his life, and came to Beer-sheba, which belongeth to Judah, and left his servant there.
Psalms 107:4 They wandered in the wilderness in a solitary way; they found no city to dwell in.
Psalms 119:60 I made haste, and delayed not to keep thy commandments.
Proverbs 27:14 He that blesseth his friend with a loud voice, rising early in the morning, it shall be counted a curse to him.
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Genesis 21:14-21
Here is, I. The casting out of the bond-woman, and her son from the family of Abraham, Gen 21:14. Abraham's obedience to the divine command in this matter was speedy - early in the morning, we may suppose immediately after he had, in the night's visions, received orders to do this. It was also submissive; it was contrary to his judgment, at least to his own inclination, to do it; yet as soon as he perceives that it is the mind of God he makes no objections, but silently does as he is bidden, as one trained up to an implicit obedience. In sending them away without any attendants, on foot, and slenderly provided for, it is probable that he observed the directions given him. If Hagar and Ishmae…
EXPULSION OF ISHMAEL. (Gen 21:14-21)
Abraham rose up early, &c.--early, that the wanderers might reach an asylum before noon. Bread includes all sorts of victuals--bottle, a leathern vessel, formed of the entire skin of a lamb or kid sewed up, with the legs for handles, usually carried over the shoulder. Ishmael was a lad of seventeen years, and it is quite customary for Arab chiefs to send out their sons at such an age to do for themselves: often with nothing but a few days' provisions in a bag.
wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba--in the southern border of Palestine, but out of the common direction, a wide extending desert, where they lost their way.
Adam Clarke on Genesis 21:14
Took bread, and a bottle - By the word bread we are to understand the food or provisions which were necessary for her and Ishmael, till they should come to the place of their destination; which, no doubt, Abraham particularly pointed out. The bottle, which was made of skin, ordinarily a goat's skin, contained water sufficient to last them till they should come to the next well; which, it is likely, Abraham particularly specified also. This well, it appears, Hagar missed, and therefore wandered about in the wilderness seeking more water, till all she had brought with her was expended. We may therefore safely presume that she and her son were sufficiently provided for their journey, had they n…
But was the just Abraham inhumane in that he did not even supply Hagar and the boy with a donkey, with all the cattle he possessed? Some say it was a gesture of kindness, so that she would not have to look after the donkey; others say that he did this believing that God would protect the boy. But why does he throw her out in the first place? Was it not that he wished to have peace with his wife? And indeed he really did not want to send her away at all, for it is written that the thing appeared extremely harsh to Abraham. So he would not have done what he did except for the fact that God said to him, let not this matter trouble you, etc.
(Verse 14) And he took bread and a skin of water, and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, along with the child, and sent her away. When Isaac was born, Ishmael was thirteen years old. And after he was weaned, he was expelled from the house with his mother. However, among the Hebrews, there are different opinions, with some claiming that the time for weaning is set at the fifth year, and others claiming the twelfth year. Therefore, to choose a shorter age, we have calculated that Ishmael was expelled with his mother after eighteen years, and it is no longer possible for him to have sat on his mother's lap as a young man. So it is true that the Hebrew language has the word 'infant' to refer to every child in relation to their parents. It is not surprising that a foreign language has its own peculiarities, since even today in Rome all children are called 'infants'. Therefore, Abraham placed bread and a skin of water on Hagar's shoulder and, having done this, he gave the child to his mother, that is, he handed him over to her, entrusted him to her care, and thus sent him out of the house. As for what follows:
RETURN OF HAGAR AND ISHMAEL. — And Abraham rose up in the morning and took loaves and a skin of water, and gave them to Hagar, and he put the child on her shoulder, and sent her away . It’s often asked how he put such a big boy on her shoulder. For Ishmael had been circumcised at the age of thirteen, before Isaac was born, when Abraham was ninety-nine years old (Cf. Gen. 17:17-24). Isaac was born when his father was one hundred years old. Ishmael was playing with Isaac when Sarah saw him with concern (Cf. Gen. 21:9), Isaac was already a big boy, since he had already been weaned. For all this, it is evident that Ishmael was more than sixteen years old when he was expelled with his mother from his father's house. Now, even if we consider that it was said in recapitulation that he played with Isaac when he was still very young, before being weaned, nevertheless, it is too absurd to believe that a child, even in this case of more than thirteen years, had been placed on the shoulder of his mother, with a wineskin and some loaves. The question is solved very easily if we do not understand "put", but "gave". For Abraham, as it is written, gave to his mother loaves and a wineskin, which she put on her shoulder. When it was added and said: also the child, we must understand was "gave" the same that gave her the loaves and the wineskin, and he did not "put the child on her shoulder." [
Dictionary and topics
Bottle — A vessel made of skins for holding wine (Josh. 9:4. 13; 1 Sam. 16:20; Matt. 9:17; Mark 2:22; Luke 5:37, 38), or milk (Judg. 4:19), or water (Gen. 21:14, 15, 19), or strong drink (Hab. 2:15).…
Concubine — In the Bible denotes a female conjugally united to a man, but in a relation inferior to that of a wife. Among the early Jews, from various causes, the difference between a wife and a concubine was…
Desert — (1.) Heb. midbar, “pasture-ground;” an open tract for pasturage; a common (Joel 2:22). The “backside of the desert” (Ex. 3:1) is the west of the desert, the region behind a man, as the east is the…
Hagar — Flight, or, according to others, stranger, an Egyptian, Sarah’s handmaid (Gen. 16:1; 21:9, 10), whom she gave to Abraham (q.v.) as a secondary wife (16:2). When she was about to become a mother she…
Heir — Under the patriarchs the property of a father was divided among the sons of his legitimate wives (Gen. 21:10; 24:36; 25:5), the eldest son getting a larger portion than the rest. The Mosaic law made…
Ishmael — God hears. (1.) Abraham’s eldest son, by Hagar the concubine (Gen. 16:15; 17:23). He was born at Mamre, when Abraham was eighty-six years of age, eleven years after his arrival in Canaan (16:3;…
Marriage — Was instituted in Paradise when man was in innocence (Gen. 2:18-24). Here we have its original charter, which was confirmed by our Lord, as the basis on which all regulations are to be framed (Matt.…
Pitcher — A vessel for containing liquids. In the East pitchers were usually carried on the head or shoulders (Gen. 24:15-20; Judg. 7:16, 19; Mark 14:13).
Wilderness — (1.) Heb. midhbar, denoting not a barren desert but a district or region suitable for pasturing sheep and cattle (Ps. 65:12; Isa. 42:11; Jer. 23:10; Joel 1:19; 2:22); an uncultivated place. This word…
Beer-Sheba · 3. Wil — 3. Wil
John Gill on Genesis 21:14
And Abraham rose up early in the morning,.... It was in the night the Lord spoke to him, and bid him hearken to the voice of Sarah; and, as soon as it was morning, he arose, and was not disobedient to the heavenly vision; for, though the thing he was directed to was disagreeable to flesh and blood, and contrary to his natural affection, yet, it being the will of God, he readily complied with it:
and took bread and a bottle of water; a loaf of bread very probably, and a leathern or wooden bottle of water, as Aben Ezra supposes it to be; for there is no need to say that these are put for all necessaries, and a liberal provision that might be made by Abraham; but it is to be taken strictly, ac…
And Abraham rose up early. How painful was the wound, which the ejection of his firstborn son inflicted upon the mind of the holy man, we may gather from the double consolation with which God mitigated his grief: He sends his son into banishments just as if he were tearing out his own bowels. But being accustomed to obey God, he brings into subjection the paternal love, which he is not able wholly to cast aside. This is the true test of faith and piety, when the faithful are so far compelled to deny themselves, that they even resign the very affections of their original nature, which are neither evil nor vicious in themselves, to the will of God. There is no doubt that, during the whole nigh…
Expulsion of Ishmael. - The weaning of the child, which was celebrated with a feast, furnished the outward occasion for this. Sarah saw Ishmael mocking, making ridicule on the occasion. "Isaac, the object of holy laughter, was made the butt of unholy wit or profane sport. He did not laugh (צחק), but he made fun (מצחק). The little helpless Isaac a father of nations! Unbelief, envy, pride of carnal superiority, were the causes of his conduct. Because he did not understand the sentiment, 'Is anything too wonderful for the Lord?' it seemed to him absurd to link so great a thing to one so small" (Hengstenberg). Paul calls this the persecution of him that was after the Spirit by him that was begot…
God again rescued Hagar in the wilderness and guaranteed her future (cp. 16:7-14). This passage is similar to ch 16, but the differences are great. Here, Hagar and Ishmael are rescued, but there is no commemorative naming. God’s earlier promise to Hagar is reiterated, but this time Hagar is not told to return to Sarah. The repeated motifs on the two occasions confirm God’s sovereign plan for Hagar and Ishmael. As Joseph later told Pharaoh, a twofold event demonstrated God’s confirmation (41:32). God did not abandon Hagar and Ishmael but met them in their despair (cp. 16:7), provided sustenance for them, and promised again that Ishmael would found a great nation (21:13; cp. 16:11-12). Paul us…
לחם וחמת מים BREAD AND A BOTTLE OF WATER — but not silver and gold, because he hated him for taking to degenerate ways (Exodus Rabbah 1:1).
ואת הילד AND THE CHILD — the child, too, he placed on her shoulder, for Sarah had cast an evil eye upon him, so that a fever seized him and he could not walk (Genesis Rabbah 53:13).
ותלך ותתע AND SHE WENT AND WANDERED — she reverted to the idol worship of her father’s house (Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 30).
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).
Bottle
· General scriptures concerning
— General scriptures concerning
Bottles · First mention of, in Scripture — First mention of, in Scripture
Bread · The principal food used by the ancients — The principal food used by the ancients
Children · Power of parents over, during the patriarchal age — Power of parents over, during the patriarchal age
Concubinage · .Concubines might be dismissed — .Concubines might be dismissed
Cruelty · .Of Sarah to Hagar — .Of Sarah to Hagar
Deserts · Mentioned in scripture: Beersheba — Mentioned in scripture: Beersheba
Diet Of The Jews, The · Articles used for: Water — Articles used for: Water
Ishmael · .Sent away by Abraham — .Sent away by Abraham
Man · Woman formed to be a help for — Woman formed to be a help for
Patriarchal Government · Exercised in: Arbitrarily disinheriting and putting away servants and children — Exercised in: Arbitrarily disinheriting and putting away servants and children
Rising · .Abraham — .Abraham
Sarah · .Her jealousy of Hagar — .Her jealousy of Hagar
Travellers · Friends of: Often supplied them with provision — Friends of: Often supplied them with provision
Water · Carried in vessels — Carried in vessels
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).