Hebrews 1:13

But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool?

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Word by word — the Greek

Word	Greek	Strong’s	Meaning
But	δὲ de	G1161	but · conjunction
to	πρὸς pros	G4314	a preposition of direction · preposition
which	τίνα tina	G5101	an interrogative pronoun · interrogative pronoun — accusative singular masculine
angels	ἀγγέλων angelōn	G32	compare G34 (ἀγέλη)) (to bring tidings) · noun — genitive plural masculine
he	εἴρηκέν eirēken	G2046	an alternate for G2036 (ἔπω) in certain tenses · verb — perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular
time	ποτε· pote	G4218	indefinite adverb · particle
Sit	κάθου kathou	G2521	and (to sit · verb — present middle or passive deponent imperative, 2nd person singular
on	ἐκ ek	G1537	literal or figurative · preposition
my	μοῦ moû	G3450	of me
hand	δεξιῶν dexiōn	G1188	the right side or (feminine) hand (as that which usuall… · adjective — genitive plural neuter
until	ἕως he'ōs	G2193	a conjunction · preposition
make	θῶ thō	G5087	to place (in the widest application · verb — second aorist active subjunctive, 1st person singular
thine	σοῦ soû	G4675	of thee
enemies	ἐχθρούς echthrous	G2190	hateful (passively · noun — accusative plural masculine
thy	σοῦ soû	G4675	of thee
footstool	ὑποπόδιον hupopodion	G5286	something under the feet · noun — accusative singular neuter

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

Psalms 110:1 The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool.
Mark 12:36 For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.
Matthew 22:44 The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool?
Hebrews 10:12-13 But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God;
Acts 2:34-36 For David is not ascended into the heavens: but he saith himself, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,
1 Corinthians 15:25-26 For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet.
Hebrews 1:3 Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had b…
Psalms 132:18 His enemies will I clothe with shame: but upon himself shall his crown flourish.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Hebrews 1:4–end

The apostle, having proved the pre-eminence of the gospel above the law from the pre-eminence of the Lord Jesus Christ above the prophets, now proceeds to show that he is much superior not only to the prophets, but to the angels themselves. In this he obviates an objection that the Jewish zealots would be ready to make, that the law was not only delivered by men, but ordained by angels (Gal 3:19), who attended at the giving forth of the law, the hosts of heaven being drawn forth to attend the Lord Jehovah on that awful occasion. Now the angels are very glorious beings, far more glorious and excellent than men; the scripture always represents them as the most excellent of all creatures, and w…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Hebrews 1:13

Quotation from Psa 110:1. The image is taken from the custom of conquerors putting the feet on the necks of the conquered (Jos 10:24-25).

Adam Clarke on Hebrews 1:13

But to which of the angels - We have already seen, from the opinions and concessions of the Jews, that, if Jesus Christ could be proved to be greater than the angels, it would necessarily follow that he was God: and this the apostle does most amply prove by these various quotations from their own Scriptures; for he shows that while he is the supreme and absolute Sovereign, they are no more than his messengers and servants, and servants even to his servants, i.e. to mankind.

John Gill on Hebrews 1:13

But to which of the angels said he at any time,.... That is, he never said to any of them in his council, or covenant; he never designed to give them any such honour, as hereafter expressed; he never promised it to them, or bestowed it on them; he never called up any of them to so high a place, or to such a dignity: sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool; yet this he said to his Son, Psalm 110:1 for to him, the Messiah, are they spoken, and have had their fulfilment in him: See Gill on Matthew 22:44; and therefore he must be greater than the angels.

The Church Fathers

Having thus dealt with divine things, he shifts once more to the human. It is not to him as God that he says, "Sit at my right hand": how could it be, when "his throne is for ever and ever"? So as human he shared in this honor, having as God the eternal throne.
— Theodoret of Cyrus, INTERPRETATION OF HEBREWS 1

"But to what angel has he ever said?" Leaving aside all the rest of creation he speaks about that which is higher than the rest of creation, namely, the angels. For if the Son differed from the angels in that they were created but he was not, how much more does he differ from all invisible things?
— Severian of Gabala, FRAGMENTS ON THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS 1.12-14

Therefore, he offered the first fruits of our nature to the Father. And the Father marveled at the gift, both for the worthiness of the one who presented it and for the purity of what was offered, as if to receive it with His own hands and place the gift beside Him, and said, "Sit at My right hand."
— Oecumenius, The Pseudo-Oecumenian Catena on Hebrews

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Stool · .Enemies of Jesus — .Enemies of Jesus

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrews 1:13

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Hebrews 1:4–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Hebrews 1:13

Adam Clarke on Hebrews 1:13

John Gill on Hebrews 1:13

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Hebrews 1:13

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Hebrews 1:4–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Hebrews 1:13

Adam Clarke on Hebrews 1:13

John Gill on Hebrews 1:13

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

John Calvin on Hebrews 1:10–end

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Hebrews 1:13