Isaiah 19:4

And the Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord; and a fierce king shall rule over them, saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

King James Version · Read in your translation · Open the Explore console

Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
And	אֶת 'et-	H853	properly · direct object marker
Egyptians	מִצְרַ֔יִם mitz.Ra.yim	H4714	Mitsrajim · proper noun, a place name
over	וְסִכַּרְתִּי֙ ve.si.kar.Ti	H5534	to shut up · conjunction + verb, piel sequential perfect, 1st person common singular
hand	בְּיַ֖ד be.Yad	H3027	a hand (the open one (indicating power · preposition + noun, common both genders singular construct
cruel	קָשֶׁ֑ה ka.Sheh	H7186	severe (in various applications) · adjective, masculine singular absolute
lord	אֲדֹנִ֣ים 'a.do.Nim	H113	sovereign · noun, common masculine plural absolute
fierce	עַז֙ 'az	H5794	strong · adjective, masculine singular absolute
king	וּמֶ֤לֶךְ u.Me.lekh	H4428	a king · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular absolute
rule	יִמְשָׁל yim.shol-	H4910	to rule · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
saith	נְאֻ֥ם ne.'Um	H5002	an oracle · noun, common masculine singular construct
Lord	הָאָד֖וֹן ha.'a.Don	H113	sovereign · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
LORD	יְהוָ֥ה Yah.weh	H3068	Jehovah · proper noun, a title
hosts	צְבָאֽוֹת tze.va.'ot	H6635	a mass of persons (or figuratively · noun, common feminine plural absolute

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

Isaiah 20:4 So shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians prisoners, and the Ethiopians captives, young and old, naked and barefoot, even with th…
Jeremiah 46:26 And I will deliver them into the hand of those that seek their lives, and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand…
Ezekiel 29:19 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will give the land of Egypt unto Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; and he shall take her multitud…
1 Samuel 23:7 And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by entering int…
Psalms 31:8 And hast not shut me up into the hand of the enemy: thou hast set my feet in a large room.
Isaiah 19:2 And I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians: and they shall fight every one against his brother, and every one against his neighbour;…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Isaiah 19:1-17

Though the land of Egypt had of old been a house of bondage to the people of God, where they had been ruled with rigour, yet among the unbelieving Jews there still remained much of the humour of their fathers, who said, Let us make us a captain and return into Egypt. Upon all occasions they trusted to Egypt for help (Isa 30:2), and thither they fled, in disobedience to God's express command, when things were brought to the last extremity in their own country, Jer 43:7. Rabshakeh upbraided Hezekiah with this, Isa 36:6. While they kept up an alliance with Egypt, and it was a powerful ally, they stood not in awe of the judgments of God; for against them they depended upon Egypt to protect them.…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Isaiah 19:4

cruel lord--"Sargon," in Hebrew it is lords; but plural is often used to express greatness, where, one alone is meant (Gen 39:2). The parallel word "king" (singular) proves it. NEWTON makes the general reference to be to Nebuchadnezzar, and a particular reference to Cambyses, son of Cyrus (who killed the Egyptian god, Apis), and Ochus, Persian conquerors of Egypt, noted for their "fierce cruelty." GESENIUS refers it to Psammetichus, who had brought into Egypt Greek and other foreign mercenaries to subdue the other eleven princes of the dodecarchy.

John Gill on Isaiah 19:4

And the Egyptians will I give over into the hands of a cruel lord,.... Not of Sennacherib king of Assyria, which way go many interpreters, both Christian and Jewish, as Aben Ezra, Jarchi, and Kimchi; nor of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, as in Jeremiah 46:25 but either of the twelve tyrants that rose up after the death of Sethon above mentioned; for the word is in the plural number, "lords", though the adjective rendered "cruel" is singular; or else Psammiticus, the father of Pharaohnecho, that slew Josiah; and who conquered the other eleven tyrants, and ruled alone, for the space of fifty four years, with great rigour; and the same is designed in the next clause: and a fierce king shall r…

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The Church Fathers

And when they did this, the Lord delivered them into the hands of cruel masters, according to the apostle's saying: Whom I have delivered to Satan, that they may learn not to blaspheme (1 Tim. 1:20); being oppressed by the harshest servitude, may they return to the most merciful Lord. And fittingly, he calls the cruel demons their masters, to whom nothing is more cruel. Also, the strong king, who is their Lord, clearly refers to the devil, whom the Lord also calls a fortune in the Gospel, by binding and oppressing whom, the vessels of his house are plundered.
— Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah

(Version 4) And I will deliver Egypt into the hand of cruel masters, and a strong king shall rule over them, says the Lord God of hosts. We follow a twofold interpretation: either of the Chaldean times, when Egypt was conquered by Nebuchadnezzar; or of the Roman empire, when Antony and Cleopatra were defeated, and Augustus Caesar subdued Egypt. It is testified by the whole Scripture that the Babylonians were cruel, who spared not even the little ones, but wounded them with their arrows, and showed no mercy to the pregnant women. But the Roman kingdom, as the Scripture of Daniel testifies (Chapter VII), describes the fourth beast with iron teeth and claws.
— Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Egypt — The land of the Nile and the pyramids, the oldest kingdom of which we have any record, holds a place of great significance in Scripture. The Egyptians belonged to the white race, and their original…
Rivers · Illustrative: (Drying up of,) of God’s judgments — Illustrative: (Drying up of,) of God’s judgments

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).

Isaiah 19:4

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Isaiah 19:1-17

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Isaiah 19:4

John Gill on Isaiah 19:4

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Isaiah 19:4

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Isaiah 19:1-17

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Isaiah 19:4

John Gill on Isaiah 19:4

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

John Calvin on Isaiah 19:4

Keil & Delitzsch on Isaiah 19:2-4

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Isaiah 19:4

Rashi on Isaiah 19:4