cheerfulness · noun, common masculine singular absolute
gladness
וְשִׂמְחָ֗הve.sim.Chah
H8057
blithesomeness or glee · conjunction + noun, common feminine singular absolute
slaying
הָרֹ֤גha.Rog
H2026
to smite with deadly intent · verb, qal infinitive absolute
oxen
בָּקָר֙ba.Kar
H1241
beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of either gen… · noun, common both genders singular absolute
killing
וְשָׁחֹ֣טve.sha.Chot
H7819
to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre) · conjunction + verb, qal infinitive absolute
sheep
צֹ֔אןTzon
H6629
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats) · noun, common both genders singular absolute
eating
אָכֹ֥ל'a.Khol
H398
to eat (literally or figuratively) · verb, qal infinitive absolute
flesh
בָּשָׂ֖רba.Sar
H1320
flesh (from its freshness) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
drinking
וְשָׁת֣וֹתve.sha.Tot
H8354
to imbibe (literally or figuratively) · conjunction + verb, qal infinitive absolute
wine
יָ֑יִןYa.yin
H3196
wine (as fermented) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
eat
אָכ֣וֹל'a.Khol
H398
to eat (literally or figuratively) · verb, qal infinitive absolute
drink
וְשָׁת֔וֹve.sha.To
H8354
to imbibe (literally or figuratively) · conjunction + verb, qal infinitive absolute
morrow
מָחָ֖רma.Char
H4279
properly · noun, common masculine singular absolute
die
נָמֽוּתna.Mut
H4191
to die (literally or figuratively) · verb, qal imperfect, 1st person common plural
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Isaiah 56:12 Come ye, say they, I will fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more abunda…
Luke 17:26-29 And as it was in the days of Noe, so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man.
1 Corinthians 15:32 If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantageth it me, if the dead rise not? let us eat and drink; for to…
James 5:5 Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth, and been wanton; ye have nourished your hearts, as in a day of slaughter.
Isaiah 5:12 And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine, are in their feasts: but they regard not the work of the LORD, neither consider…
Isaiah 5:22 Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink:
Isaiah 21:4-5 My heart panted, fearfulness affrighted me: the night of my pleasure hath he turned into fear unto me.
Amos 6:3-7 Ye that put far away the evil day, and cause the seat of violence to come near;
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Isaiah 22:8-14
What is meant by the covering of Judah, which in the beginning of this paragraph is said to be discovered, is not agreed. The fenced cities of Judah were a covering to the country; but these, being taken by the army of the Assyrians, ceased to be a shelter, so that the whole country lay exposed to be plundered. The weakness of Judah, its nakedness, and inability to keep itself, now appeared more than ever; and thus the covering of Judah was discovered. Its magazines and stores, which had been locked up, were now laid open for the public use. Dr. Lightfoot gives another sense of it, that by this distress into which Judah should be brought God would discover their covering (that is, uncloak th…
Notwithstanding Jehovah's "call to mourning" (Isa 22:12), many shall make the desperate state of affairs a reason for reckless revelry (Isa 5:11-12, Isa 5:14; Jer 18:12; Co1 15:32).
In Isa 36:3, Isa 36:22; Isa 37:2, we find Shebna "a scribe," and no longer prefect of the palace ("over the household"), and Eliakim in that office, as is here foretold. Shebna is singled out as the subject of prophecy (the only instance of an individual being so in Isaiah), as being one of the irreligious faction that set at naught the prophet's warnings (Isa. 28:1-33:24); perhaps it was he who advised the temporary ignominious submission of Hezekiah to Sennacherib.
John Gill on Isaiah 22:13
And behold joy and gladness,.... As if it was a time of rejoicing, rather than of weeping and mourning; and as if they were at a festival, and in the greatest prosperity and liberty, and not besieged by a powerful army:
slaying oxen, and killing sheep: not for sacrifice, to make atonement for sin, as typical of the great sacrifice; but to eat, and that not as at ordinary meals, or merely for the support of life, but as at feasts, where, as there was great plenty, so luxury and intemperance were indulged; just as Belshazzar did, at the same time that Babylon was beset by the army of the Medes and Persians, Daniel 5:1 so the Jews here, having taken the armour out of the treasury, and furnishe…
Now we say that the wicked are dead, but not in an ascetic life opposed to sin; nor do they, like the saints, bear about dying in their bodies. But it is the soul which they bury in sins and follies, drawing near to the dead and satisfying it with dead nourishment. [They are] like young eagles which, from high places, fly upon the carcasses of the dead, and which the law prohibited, commanding figuratively, "You are not to eat the eagle or any other bird that feeds on a dead carcass." And it pronounced unclean any other animal that eats the dead, for these kill the soul with lusts and say nothing but "let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die."
That too great lust of food is not to be desired. In Isaiah: "Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die. This sin shall not be atoned for to you, even until you die." Also in Exodus: "And the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play." Paul, in the first [letter] to the Corinthians: "Food does not commend us to God; neither if we eat shall we abound, nor if we do not eat shall we lack." And again: "When you come together to eat, wait one for another. If any is hungry, let him eat at home, that you may not come together for judgment." Also to the Romans: "The kingdom of God is not food and drink but righteousness and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit." In the Gospel according to John: "I have food of which you don't know. My food is that I should do his will who sent me and should finish his work."
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).
Dictionary and topics
Sennacherib — Sin (the god) sends many brothers, son of Sargon, whom he succeeded on the throne of Assyria (B.C. 705), in the 23rd year of Hezekiah. “Like the Persian Xerxes, he was weak and vainglorious, cowardly…
Gluttony · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Happiness · G — G
Happiness Of The Wicked, The · Is derived from: Gluttony — Is derived from: Gluttony
Pleasure · WORLDLY — WORLDLY
Reprobacy · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Sensuality · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Sheep · Flesh of, extensively used as food — Flesh of, extensively used as food
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
John Calvin on Isaiah 22:13
And, behold, joy and gladness. The Prophet does not here find fault with joy viewed in itself; for we see that Paul exhorts the godly to true joy, the "joy" which is "in the Lord," (Philippians 4:4;) but now he censures the joy which is opposite to that sadness which commonly springs from repentance, of which Paul also speaks. (2 Corinthians 7:10.) No man can be under the influence of repentance and of a sincere feeling of the wrath of God, without being led, by the grief which accompanies it, willingly to afflict himself. The joy which is opposite to this grief is therefore sinful, because it proceeds from brutish indifference, and is justly blamed, since the Lord curses it. (Luke 6:25.)
S…
And so far as it had proceeded already, it was a call from Jehovah to repentance. "The Lord, Jehovah of hosts, calls in that day to weeping, and to mourning, and to the pulling out of hair, and to girding with sackcloth; and behold joy and gladness, slaughtering of oxen and killing of sheep, eating of flesh and drinking of wine, eating and drinking, for 'tomorrow we die.' And Jehovah of hosts hath revealed in mine ears, Surely this iniquity shall not be expiated for you until ye die, saith the Lord, Jehovah of hosts." The first condition of repentance is a feeling of pain produced by the punishments of God. But upon Jerusalem they produce the opposite effect. The more threatening the future,…
Judah’s feasting and disobedience resulted in a prophecy of judgment.
Rashi on Isaiah 22:13
And behold, joy and happiness The Holy One, blessed be He, so to speak, is mourning, and you are eating and rejoicing.
for tomorrow we will die in the World to Come. The prophets tell us in the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, that we will have no share in the World to Come. Let us, therefore, enjoy ourselves during our lifetime.
