Jeremiah 13:16 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Jeremiah 13:16
Give glory to the LORD your God, before he cause darkness, and before your feet stumble upon the dark mountains, and, while ye look for light, he turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.
to give · verb, qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural
glory
כָּבוֹד֙ka.Vod
H3519
properly · noun, common masculine singular absolute
LORD
לַיהוָ֨הla.Yah.weh
H3068
Jehovah · preposition + proper noun, a title
God
אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֤ם'e.lo.hei.Khem
H430
gods in the ordinary sense · noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine plural
darkness
יַחְשִׁ֔ךְyach.Shikh
H2821
to be dark (as withholding light) · verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
feet
רַגְלֵיכֶ֖םrag.lei.Khem
H7272
a foot (as used in walking) · noun, common feminine dual construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine plural
stumble
יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּyit.na.ge.Fu
H5062
to push · verb, hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
dark
נָ֑שֶׁףNa.shef
H5399
properly · noun, common masculine singular absolute
mountains
הָ֣רֵיHa.rei
H2022
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figurative… · noun, common masculine plural construct
look
וְקִוִּיתֶ֤םve.ki.vi.Tem
H6960
to bind together (perhaps by twisting) · conjunction + verb, piel sequential perfect, 2nd person masculine plural
light
לְאוֹר֙le.'Or
H216
illumination or (concrete) luminary (in every sense · preposition + noun, common feminine singular absolute
turn
וְשָׂמָ֣הּve.sa.Mah
H7760
to put (used in a great variety of applications · conjunction + verb, qal sequential perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + pronominal suffix, 3rd person feminine singular
death
לְצַלְמָ֔וֶתle.tzal.Ma.vet
H6757
shade of death · preposition + noun, common masculine singular absolute
make
וְשִׁ֖יתve.ya.shit
H7896
to place (in a very wide application) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
darkness
לַעֲרָפֶֽלla.'a.ra.Fel
H6205
gloom (as of a lowering sky) · preposition + noun, common masculine singular absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Isaiah 8:22 And they shall look unto the earth; and behold trouble and darkness, dimness of anguish; and they shall be driven to darkness.
Isaiah 59:9 Therefore is judgment far from us, neither doth justice overtake us: we wait for light, but behold obscurity; for brightness, but we walk in…
Proverbs 4:19 The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know not at what they stumble.
Isaiah 60:2 For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the LORD shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be s…
Joshua 7:19 And Joshua said unto Achan, My son, give, I pray thee, glory to the LORD God of Israel, and make confession unto him; and tell me now what t…
Isaiah 5:30 And in that day they shall roar against them like the roaring of the sea: and if one look unto the land, behold darkness and sorrow, and the…
Amos 8:9-10 And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord GOD, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the…
Exodus 10:21 And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which m…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Jeremiah 13:12-21
Here is, I. A judgment threatened against this people that would quite intoxicate them. This doom is pronounced against them in a figure, to make it the more taken notice of and the more affecting (Jer 13:12): Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, every bottle shall be filled with wine; that is, those that by their sins have made themselves vessels of wrath fitted to destruction shall be filled with the wrath of God as a bottle is with wine; and, as every vessel of mercy prepared for glory shall be filled with mercy and glory, so they shall be full of the fury of the Lord (Isa 51:20); and they shall be brittle as bottles; and, like old bottles into which new wine is put, they shall burst and be…
Give glory, &c.--Show by repentance and obedience to God, that you revere His majesty. So Joshua exhorted Achan to "give glory to God" by confessing his crime, thereby showing he revered the All-knowing God.
stumble--image from travellers stumbling into a fatal abyss when overtaken by nightfall (Isa 5:30; Isa 59:9-10; Amo 8:9).
dark mountains--literally, "mountains of twilight" or "gloom," which cast such a gloomy shadow that the traveller stumbles against an opposing rock before he sees it (Joh 11:10; Joh 12:35).
shadow of death--the densest gloom; death shade (Psa 44:19). Light and darkness are images of prosperity and adversity.
John Gill on Jeremiah 13:16
Give glory to the Lord your God,.... By confessing sin unto him; by humiliation for it before him; by believing what he says, hearkening to his word, and obeying his commands, and living to his honour and glory; see Joshua 7:19, especially by believing in Christ, the true God, and true Messiah, embracing his Gospel, and his ordinances:
before he cause darkness; before the Lord brings on the dark dispensation threatened, the calamity before spoken of; repent while space is given, before it is too late; so the Targum,
"before tribulation comes upon you, and ye be like to those that walk in darkness.''
The Babylonish captivity may be meant, which was a dark day with the Jews, as is their pre…
(Verse 16, 17.) Give glory to the Lord your God ((or our)) before it grows dark, and before your feet stumble upon dark (or gloomy) mountains. You will wait for light, but there will be only darkness (or according to the Hebrew, he will put it in darkness and gloom). And if you will not listen, your soul ((or mine)) will weep in secret because of arrogance (or injury). To those to whom the divine discourse had been spoken, saying: 'Listen and perceive with your ears, and do not be exalted', now it calls to repentance, so that before they are led to Babylon, and their feet stumble upon dark or gloomy mountains, they may give glory to God. Hence, it is often said to sinners: 'Give glory to God' (Psalm 67:35). And as for why Babylon and the whole region of the Chaldeans are called dark or gloomy mountains, we read in the beginning of the vision of Isaiah against Babylon, where it is written: 'Raise a signal on a dark mountain' (Isaiah 13:2), which in Hebrew is called Nesepha. Therefore, he commanded them to repent before they are led into captivity and experience the evils of slavery. And while they wait for light, they should sit in darkness. But if, he says, you refuse to listen to me in secret, near the Eagle, in darkness, your soul will weep, or according to the Septuagint, from the face of pride; so that not even a sigh or a cry may be free, so that the eyes of the conquerors may not be offended. But we can interpret this place in the following way: The Savior says: Work while it is day: the night is coming when no one can work (John 9:4). Concerning this time, there is also the prophecy of Isaiah: For the stars of heaven and their constellations will not give their light; the sun will be darkened at its rising, and the moon will not shed its light (Isaiah 13:10). Zephaniah also agrees with these words, saying: A day of distress and anguish, a day of ruin and devastation, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and thick darkness (Zephaniah 1:15). Therefore, before the time of judgement comes, and our feet stumble upon dark mountains, the opposing fortitudes, which are placed in front of us with torments and tortures, let us repent, lest while awaiting the light, we be enveloped in the darkness of night; and let us know that unless we do this, we shall refuse to hear the weeping soul, either of God or of the Prophet, because of our own arrogance.…
And let us see also what he bids us do after these things: "Give," he says, "to the Lord our God glory before it grows dark, before your feet stumble upon dark mountains; and you will wait for light." He wishes the one who gives "glory to God" to give "glory to God" while there is light, since the glory of God cannot be proclaimed once it has grown dark and darkness has come. When, then, does it grow dark, and when does the darkening not occur? "Work while the light is in you." "The light is in" you if you have in you the one who said: "I am the light of the world." As long as this rises for you, glorify God; but know that a certain darkening can occur, and one must not let this darkening remain, but must give glory to God before it grows dark. Perhaps we shall understand what is written by using an evangelical saying spoken by the Savior which runs thus: "Work while it is day; night comes when no one is able to work." He named there this present age "day" (but I necessarily added the "there"; for I know that in other places other things again are indicated) — he named, then, this present age "day," but darkness and night the consummation, because of the punishments. For "why do you desire the day of the Lord? And this is darkness and not light," says the prophet Amos. If you see what the gloom is after the consummation of the world, that which follows when almost the whole race of men is punished for the things they have sinned, you will see that then that which surrounds has grown dark, and no one any longer is able to glorify God, seeing that the word of God commanded even the righteous, saying: "Go, my people, enter into your chamber, shut your door, hide yourself for a little while, until the wrath of my anger pass by." And at the same time, in these words, let anyone who is able observe that he said: "a little while." But that "little while" is little for God; it is not little for a man; for one must see that for each thing there is something little and something great. And from an example I shall demonstrate that for each thing there is something little or great. For every animal such-and-such an amount of food is little in comparison with its constitution, and such-and-such an amount of food is much again in comparison with its constitution. And thus what is little for a man is great for another animal. What is little, for example, for a man is much…
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
John Calvin on Jeremiah 13:16
Jeremiah 13:16
16 Give glory to the LORD your God, before he cause darkness, and before your feet stumble upon the dark mountains, and, while ye look for light, he turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.
16. Date Jehovae Deo vestro gloriam priusquam obtenebrescere faciat, et priusquam offendant pedes vestri ad montes tenebrarum, speretisque lucem, et ponat in umbram mortis et in caliginem.
Jeremiah pursues the subject, which we began to explain yesterday, for he saw that the Jews were but little moved by what he taught them. He bid them. to regard what he said as coming from God, and told them that they could by no means succeed by their pride. For the same purpose…
With this threatening the prophet couples a solemn exhortation not to leave the word of the Lord unheeded in their pride, but to give God the glory, ere judgment fall on them. To give God the glory is, in this connection, to acknowledge His glory by confession of apostasy from Him and by returning to Him in sincere repentance; cf. Jos 7:19; Mal 2:2. "Your God," who has attested Himself to you as God. The Hiph. יחשׁך is not used intransitively, either here or in Psa 139:12, but transitively: before He brings or makes darkness; cf. Amo 8:9. Mountains of dusk, i.e., mountains shrouded in dusk, are the emblem of unseen stumbling-blocks, on which one stumbles and falls. Light and darkness are wel…
Jeremiah pled with the people to listen and not be arrogant, but to change their attitude. If they refused to acknowledge the Lord as the one true God of Israel, a terrible darkness would fall upon the nation.
Rashi on Jeremiah 13:16
and before your feet stumble Heb. יתנגפו (achopper in French), to stumble.
the dark mountains Heb. נשף, the dark mountains when they go into exile.
and making it into a thick cloud Heb. ושית, like ולשית, and to make the light into a thick cloud.