Jeremiah 5:22 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Jeremiah 5:22
Fear ye not me? saith the LORD: will ye not tremble at my presence, which have placed the sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree, that it cannot pass it: and though the waves thereof toss themselves, yet can they not prevail; though they roar, yet can they not pass over it?
to fear · verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural
saith
נְאֻםne.'um-
H5002
an oracle · noun, common masculine singular construct
LORD
יְהֹוָ֗הYah.weh
H3068
Jehovah · proper noun, a title
tremble
תָחִ֔ילוּta.Chi.lu
H2342
properly · verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural
presence
מִפָּנַי֙mi.pa.Nai
H6440
the face (as the part that turns) · preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix
placed
שַׂ֤מְתִּיSam.ti
H7760
to put (used in a great variety of applications · verb, qal perfect, 1st person common singular
sand
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Job 38:10-11 And brake up for it my decreed place, and set bars and doors,
Psalms 104:9 Thou hast set a bound that they may not pass over; that they turn not again to cover the earth.
Job 26:10 He hath compassed the waters with bounds, until the day and night come to an end.
Deuteronomy 28:58 If thou wilt not observe to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that thou mayest fear this glorious and fearful name…
Psalms 119:120 My flesh trembleth for fear of thee; and I am afraid of thy judgments.
Proverbs 8:29 When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment: when he appointed the foundations of the earth:
Jeremiah 10:7 Who would not fear thee, O King of nations? for to thee doth it appertain: forasmuch as among all the wise men of the nations, and in all th…
Nahum 1:4 He rebuketh the sea, and maketh it dry, and drieth up all the rivers: Bashan languisheth, and Carmel, and the flower of Lebanon languisheth.
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Jeremiah 5:20-24
The prophet, having reproved them for sin and threatened the judgments of God against them, is here sent to them again upon another errand, which he must publish in Judah; the purport of it is to persuade them to fear God, which would be an effectual principle of their reformation, as the want of that fear had been at the bottom of their apostasy.
I. He complains of the shameful stupidity of this people, and their bent to backslide from God, speaking as if he knew not what course to take with them. For,
1. Their understandings were darkened and unapt to admit the rays of the divine light: They are a foolish people and without understanding; they apprehend not the mind of God, though ever so…
sand--Though made up of particles easily shifting about, I render it sufficient to curb the violence of the sea. Such is your monstrous perversity, that the raging, senseless sea sooner obeys Me, than ye do who profess to be intelligent [CALVIN], (Job 26:10; Job 38:10-11; Pro 8:29; Rev 15:4).
John Gill on Jeremiah 5:22
Fear ye not me? saith the Lord,.... They did not fear the Lord, and this is a reproof to them for the want of it, which is a reproof of their ignorance and folly; for the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, Proverbs 9:10, and where that is there is true wisdom; but, where it is not, there is nothing but ignorance and stupidity:
will ye not tremble at my presence? or "face"; his wrath and anger, justly resenting their carriage to him. The Targum is,
"from before my Word;''
the essential Word, his Son: or, "will ye not be in pain?" as a woman in travail; as Kimchi observes the word (b) signifies:
which have placed the sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree, that it ca…
Jeremiah 5:22
22. Fear ye not me? saith the Lord: will ye not tremble at my presence, which have placed the sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree, that it cannot pass it: and though the waves thereof toss themselves, yet can they not prevail; though they roar, yet can they not pass over it?
22. An me non timebitis, dicit Jehova? an a facie mea non contremiscetis? Qui posui arenam terminum mari, statutum seculi aeternum, et non praeteribit illud (vel, terminum illud; quidam enim ad proximum referunt, alii ad prius,) et movebunt se et non praevalebunt, et tumultuabuntur (vel, resonabunt) fluctus ejus (istud glyv extendunt ad duo verba,) et non transgredientur ipsum (non transil…
The Church Fathers
When I say "we," I do not refer to human power but to the grace of God, who in the weakness of people shows forth his own power. This the prophet, speaking in the person of the Lord, says, "Will not you, then, fear me? I have set the sand as the boundary for the sea." For by this weakest and most contemptible of all things, sand, the mighty One has bound the great and ponderous sea. Therefore, since our condition is somewhat similar, it would follow that some of the true brethren should be sent continuously from your charity to visit us in our afflictions and that affectionate letters should come more frequently to us, on the one hand to strengthen our zeal, and on the other to correct us if we fail in any respect. Indeed, we do not deny that we are subject to many faults, since we are people and are living in the flesh.
And again God demanded from the Jews the fear of Himself by the hand of Jeremiah, and reproached them by the testimony of the dumb things in nature, which, though silent, trembled at the fear of Him, while the Jews despised His commandments. "Fear ye not Me? saith the Lord: will ye not tremble at My presence? For I have placed the sand for the bound of the sea, [by] an everlasting law, and it shall not pass over it." And here again the Creator demanded fear and trembling from created things, and because they forsook His fear they were reproached through the dumb things of nature, which feared and trembled at the Majesty of the Creator, while His commandments were despised by the children of men. And God in all places shewed the majesty of His nature by the hand of the Prophet, that He might cast the fear thereof into those who listened. For to those who would have despised His meekness----if it had been shewn unto them----He revealed the majesty of His nature that they might tremble thereat; and to others He shewed His gentleness and meekness, which at the report of His humiliation would increase [their] love [for Him].
Through all the story of waters be mindful of that first word, "Let the waters be gathered." It was necessary for them to flow that they might reach their own place. Then, being in the places appointed, they were to remain by themselves and not to advance further. For this reason, according to the saying of Ecclesiastes, "All the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea does not overflow." It is through the divine command that waters flow, and it is due to that first legislation, "Let the waters be gathered into one place," that the sea is enclosed within boundaries. For fear that the flowing water, spreading beyond the beds that hold it, always passing on and filling up one place after another, should continuously flood all the lands, it was ordered to be gathered into one place. Therefore, the sea, frequently raging with the winds and rising up in waves to towering heights, whenever it merely touches the shores breaks its onrush into foam and retires. "Will you not then fear me, says the Lord? I have set the sand as a bound for the sea." With the weakest of all things, sand, the sea, irresistible in its violence, is bridled.
Dictionary and topics
Impenitence · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Power Of God, The · Should be: Feared — Should be: Feared
Sea, The · Sand the barrier of — Sand the barrier of
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
חוֹל֙chOl
H2344
sand (as round or whirling particles) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
bound
גְּב֣וּלge.Vul
H1366
properly · noun, common masculine singular absolute
sea
לַיָּ֔םlai.Yam
H3220
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
perpetual
עוֹלָ֖םo.Lam
H5769
properly · noun, common masculine singular absolute
decree
חָקchok-
H2706
an enactment · noun, common masculine singular construct
pass
יַעַבְרֶ֑נְהוּya.'av.Ren.hu
H5674
to cross over · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
waves
גַלָּ֖יוga.Lav
H1530
something rolled · noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
toss
וַיִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁוּ֙vai.yit.ga.'a.Shu
H1607
to agitate violently · conjunction + verb, hithpael sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
prevail
יוּכָ֔לוּyu.Kha.lu
H3201
to be able · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
roar
וְהָמ֥וּve.ha.Mu
H1993
to make a loud sound (like English 'hum') · conjunction + verb, qal sequential perfect, 3rd person common plural
over
יַעַבְרֻֽנְהוּya.'av.Run.hu
H5674
to cross over · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
This calamity Judah is preparing for itself by its obduracy and excess of wickedness. - Jer 5:19. "And if ye then shall say, Wherefore hath Jahveh our God done all this unto us? then say to them, Like as ye have forsaken me and served strange gods in your land, so shall ye serve strangers in a land that is not yours. Jer 5:20. Declare this in the house of Jacob, and publish it in Judah, saying, Jer 5:21. Hear now this, foolish people without understanding, that have eyes and see not, have ears and hear not. Jer 5:22. Me will ye not fear, saith Jahve, nor tremble before me? who have set the sand for a bound to the sea, an everlasting boundary that it passes not, and its waves toss themselves…
The people should at least respect the Lord for his power and tremble at the thought of his unleashing that power against them. If even the mighty sea was unable to pass the boundaries the Lord had set for it, surely the rebellion of little Jerusalem would fail.
Rashi on Jeremiah 5:22
Will you not fear Me? Does not the sea, which is not concerned about retribution and does not look forward to receiving reward, fear Me and not cross the boundary that I set around it?
do you not quake Heb. תחילו, an expression of fear.
and toss themselves i.e., its waves, and they lift themselves to cross the border but cannot cross.
and its waves roar A loud sound of roaring.
but they do not pass it The waves do not pass the border.