a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
fools
נָ֭בָלNa.vol
H5036
stupid · adjective, masculine singular absolute
children
בְּנֵ֣יbe.Nei
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
men
שֵׁ֑םShem
H8034
an appellation · noun, common masculine singular absolute
viler
נִ֝כְּא֗וּni.ke.'U
H5217
to smite · verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural
earth
הָאָֽרֶץha.'A.retz
H776
the earth (at large · definite article + noun, common feminine singular absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Proverbs 16:22 Understanding is a wellspring of life unto him that hath it: but the instruction of fools is folly.
Job 40:4 Behold, I am vile; what shall I answer thee? I will lay mine hand upon my mouth.
Proverbs 1:7 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.
Proverbs 1:22 How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge?
Isaiah 32:6 For the vile person will speak villany, and his heart will work iniquity, to practise hypocrisy, and to utter error against the LORD, to mak…
Jeremiah 7:18 The children gather wood, and the fathers kindle the fire, and the women knead their dough, to make cakes to the queen of heaven, and to pou…
Mark 6:24 And she went forth, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask? And she said, The head of John the Baptist.
2 Kings 8:18 And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as did the house of Ahab: for the daughter of Ahab was his wife: and he did evil in the sig…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Job 30:1-14
Here Job makes a very large and sad complaint of the great disgrace he had fallen into, from the height of honour and reputation, which was exceedingly grievous and cutting to such an ingenuous spirit as Job's was. Two things he insists upon as greatly aggravating his affliction: -
I. The meanness of the persons that affronted him. As it added much to his honour, in the day of his prosperity, that princes and nobles showed him respect and paid a deference to him, so it added no less to his disgrace in his adversity that he was spurned by the footmen, and trampled upon by those that were not only every way his inferiors, but were the meanest and most contemptible of all mankind. None can be…
fools--that is, the impious and abandoned (Sa1 25:25).
base--nameless, low-born rabble.
viler than, &c.--rather, they were driven or beaten out of the land. The Horites in Mount Seir (Gen 14:6 with which compare Gen 36:20-21; Deu 2:12, Deu 2:22) were probably the aborigines, driven out by the tribe to which Job's ancestors belonged; their name means troglodytÃ&brvbr, or "dwellers in caves." To these Job alludes here (Job 30:1-8, and Gen 24:4-8, which compare together).
John Gill on Job 30:8
They were children of fools,.... Their parents were fools, or they themselves were such; foolish children, or foolish men, were they that derided Job; and their derision of him was a proof of it: the meaning is not that they were idiots, or quite destitute of reason and natural knowledge, but that they were men of slender capacities; they were "Nabal like", which is the word here used of them; and, indeed, it may easily be concluded, they could not have much knowledge of men and things, from their pedigree, education, and manner of living before described; though rather this may signify their being wicked men, or children of such, which is the sense of the word "fool" frequently in the Psalm…
They were children of fools, yea, children of base men; and in the earth not appearing at all. That is to say, the children of those, who were the masters of errors. So they are called 'children,' not as engendered by the seed, but by the imitating of those, who by teaching what is wrong were 'fools' in respect of ignorance, and by living wicked lives 'base men' in respect of conduct. Who are not allied to our Redeemer by any relationship of wisdom, or by any of life. Concerning which it is said by the voice of Solomon in commendation of Holy Church, Her husband is noble in the gates. So these, because they followed the froward examples of those going astray, were recorded as being 'the children of fools and of base men.' Now it is rightly subjoined, and on the earth not appearing at all. Because whilst they aim to appear something here, surely from the land of the living they are made outcasts. But this which we have delivered in a type of heretics, nothing is at all in the way, if we understand it as well of persons froward and carnal, though set in the right faith. For neither does Holy Church account those only adversaries to her, who, as placed without, dissent from her faith, but those also who by living amiss inwardly stifle her life.
"Constantly prey to hunger and misery," tormented by a crowd of insatiable desires. "Yesterday they were fleeing into the wilderness," constantly trying to avoid the Law which they did not want to hear with righteousness. "Fleeing yesterday in the desert," because they had received it in the desert. If today applies to the New Testament, yesterday applies to the Old. It is from the New that it is said: "Today, if you hear his voice, do not harden your hearts (4); And elsewhere: "You are my son, I have beget you today (5). " 4. "They gnawed the bark of trees. They had for food the figures of the Law who veiled the realities. "The root of the plants was their food; The mysteries which they were to celebrate in a carnal way, which did not seem to rise from the earth: but a righteous mind could draw from it the fruits of salvation, and rise from the earth to true freedom, but they would not have succeeded. "Without honor, without consideration, and deprived of all good. The honor of the first rank was lost to them, with the hopes of the promise. By their own fault they have lost the temporal blessings, and the kingdom of heaven is not theirs. "Pressed by famine, they devoured the root of the trees. What is said of the root of the plants for the wheat, it is necessary to apply it to the root of the trees for the wine and the oil. Because these products are the spiritual goods of the Church. Their roots planted in the earth were the sacred rites that the Jews were to celebrate externally, such as the Sabbath, circumcision, sacrifices and all other acts destined to nourish piety. 5. "The thieves have risen against me. Those who by fraud and falsehood unjustly obtain the honors reserved for the just: 6. "Their dwellings were the dens of the rocks. They wanted to justify their guilty desires by the obscure passages of the Holy Books. 7. "They were screaming among the trees. Their sins were out in the open, despite their efforts to hide them under the darkness of the Scriptures, as under the foliage of the forests. So it is written, "The cries of the inhabitants of Sodom have gone up to me." In many places Scripture speaks of the clamor of sin, to signify its publicity. In this sense, the word is the guilty thought conceived in the depths of the heart, the cry is the external action. "They took shelter under the stalks in the earth:" Those who do the Fa in a carnal…
Dictionary and topics
Titles And Names Of The Wicked · Children of base men — Children of base men
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
on Job 30:5-8
5 They are driven forth from society,
They cry after them as after a thief.
6 In the most dismal valleys they must dwell,
In holes of the earth and in rocks.
7 Among the bushes they croak,
Under nettles are they poured forth,
8 Sons of fools, yea sons of base men:
They are driven forth out of the land! -
If, coming forth from their lurking-places, they allow themselves to be seen in the villages of the plain or in the towns, they are driven forth from among men, e medio pelluntur (to use a Ciceronian phrase). גּו (Syr. gau, Arab. gaww, guww) is that which is internal, here the circle of social life, the organized human community. This expression also is Hebraeo-Arabic; for if one contrasts…
live in frightening ravines, in caves and among the rocks: The wretched life of Job’s mockers resembled Israel’s situation under Midianite oppression (Judg 6:2), David’s life as he fled from Saul (1 Sam 22:1-2), and Elijah’s life as he awaited the Lord’s instruction (1 Kgs 17:3-8).
Rashi on Job 30:8
were broken (in my days) from the land for I would humble them. [נִכְאוּ is] an expression of (Isa. 66:2), “of crushed spirit (נכה רוח).”