to know (properly · verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular
born
תִּוָּלֵ֑דti.va.Led
H3205
to bear young · verb, niphal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular
number
וּמִסְפַּ֖רu.mis.Par
H4557
a number · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct
days
יָמֶ֣יךָya.Mei.kha
H3117
a day (as the warm hours) · noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
great
רַבִּֽיםra.Bim
H7227
abundant (in quantity · adjective, masculine plural absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Job 15:7 Art thou the first man that was born? or wast thou made before the hills?
Job 38:4 Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding.
Job 38:12 Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; and caused the dayspring to know his place;
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Job 38:12-24
The Lord here proceeds to ask Job many puzzling questions, to convince him of his ignorance, and so to shame him for his folly in prescribing to God. If we will but try ourselves with such interrogatories as these, we shall soon be brought to own that what we know is nothing in comparison with what we know not. Job is here challenged to give an account of six things: -
I. Of the springs of the morning, the day-spring from on high, Job 38:12-15. As there is no visible being of which we may be more firmly assured that it is, so there is none which we are more puzzled in describing, nor more doubtful in determining what it is, than the light. We welcome the morning, and are glad of the day-spr…
Or without the interrogation, in an ironical sense [UMBREIT].
then--when I created light and darkness (Job 15:7).
Adam Clarke on Job 38:21
Knowest thou - This is another strong and biting irony, and the literal translation proves it: "Thou knowest, because thou was then born; and the number of thy days is great," or multitudinous, רבים rabbim, multitudes.
John Gill on Job 38:21
Knowest thou it, because thou wast then born?.... When light and darkness were first separated, and had their several apartments assigned them; their laws and rules given them, and their bounds and limits set them? No; he was not: and, had he been the first man, could not have been early enough to have been present at the doing of this, and so come at the knowledge thereof; since man was not made until the sixth day of the creation;
or because the number of thy days is great; reach to the beginning of time, and so as old as the creation. This was not the case. Some understand these words ironically; "thou knowest" the places and bounds of light and darkness, since thou art a very old man, b…
"Did you know then that you would be born?" These words are not said without purpose but to demonstrate that God's benevolence is the reason for everything. If you owe the fact that you exist to my benevolence, since you did not exist before, he says, how can you think that [benevolence] is denied to you, now that you live and are able to function?
"Did you know that you had to be born? Did you know the number of your years? You have been able to know the road followed by the wicked who are darkness, or remain darkness, because those who have attached themselves to God have first followed these paths of ungodliness before receiving the divine grace, source of their justification: but have you been able to know what reason there was to call you to the perishable life of this world, when our first parents were already entering these paths by the impiety of their disobedience, and that with their hands and of their guilty lips, they called death which made us all die in Adam? It is not from our birth, therefore, that we must reckon the limited number of our years, but from the day when the first to die died. For example, when Abraham came into the world, all of the Hebrews were born to him. The number of our years is therefore great, if we start from the day when death began in the paths of ungodliness. But who remembers to have been at this moment? who remembers to have really existed in the blood of his ancestors? For no one remembers the very epoch of his own birth; and yet it is certain that then he had the being, the life and the feeling. But all these things are known to the eternal Wisdom, who created everything, not only what lives in heaven; but still what is subject to death. Now Christ is the Force of God and the Wisdom of God (1); he knows all these mysteries. He was born to die, not because he was condemned to it, but, free among the captives of death, he pitied him and broke their chains.
Didst thou know then that thou wast about to be born, and didst thou know the number of thy days? As if He were openly saying, What wonder if thou understandest not thine end, since thou dost not comprehend thy beginning? And since thou knowest not with what beginning thou camest hither, what wonder, if thou canst not tell with what end thou art taken away? If therefore it was My work to bring thee forward from secresy to sight at thy beginning, it will be Mine also to bring thee back from sight to secresy. Why complainest thou aught of the dispensation of thy life, who, ignorant of thyself, art supported by the hand of thy Creator? Thou oughtest therefore to boast thyself the less in what thou dost, the more thou art confined within the bosom of eternity, and knowest not either in what order thou earnest hither, nor when, or how thou art taken hence. But these words can yet be understood in another sense also; Didst thou know then that thou wast about to be born, and didst thou know the number of thy days? Thou understandest, As I, Who knew that I was about to be born, because, even before the birth of My Manhood, I always existed substantially in the Godhead. For men begin then to exist, when they are born in the womb of their mothers. For even the very conception is called nativity, according to that which is written, That which is born in her is of the Holy Ghost. And they therefore know not that they are about to be born, because they do not exist, before they are created. But God, Who ever existed without beginning, foresaw this of Himself, that He assumed a beginning in the womb of the Virgin; and because He foreknew, He ordained it; and because He ordained, He doubtless endured nothing in human form, except of His own free will. Let man then, who could not foresee his own birth, be reproved for complaining of his scourges, if even He, Who foresaw and ordained His own birth, prepared Himself for scourges amongst men.
Keil & Delitzsch on Job 38:16-21
16 Hast thou reached the fountains of the sea,
And hast thou gone into the foundation of the deep?
17 Were the gates of death unveiled to thee,
And didst thou see the gates of the realm of shades?
18 Hast thou comprehended the breadth of the earth?
Speak, in so far as thou knowest all this!
19 Which is the way to where the light dwelleth,
And darkness, where is its place,
20 That thou mightest bring it to its bound,
And that thou mightest know the paths of its house?
21 Thou knowest it, for then wast thou born,
And the number of thy days is great! -
The root נב has the primary notion of obtruding itself upon the senses (vid., Genesis, S. 635), whence נבך in Arabic of a rising country that p…