Joshua 1:11 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Joshua 1:11
Pass through the host, and command the people, saying, Prepare you victuals; for within three days ye shall pass over this Jordan, to go in to possess the land, which the LORD your God giveth you to possess it.
to cross over · verb, qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural
through
בְּקֶ֣רֶבbe.Ke.rev
H7130
properly · preposition + noun, common masculine singular construct
host
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗הha.ma.cha.Neh
H4264
an encampment (of travellers or troops) · definite article + noun, common feminine singular absolute
command
וְצַוּ֤וּve.tza.Vu
H6680
(intensively) to constitute · conjunction + verb, piel imperative, 2nd person masculine plural
people
הָעָם֙ha.'Am
H5971
a people (as a congregated unit) · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
saying
לֵאמֹ֔רle.Mor
H559
to say (used with great latitude) · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
Prepare
הָכִ֥ינוּha.Khi.nu
H3559
properly · verb, hiphil imperative, 2nd person masculine plural
victuals
צֵידָ֑הtzei.Dah
H6720
food · noun, common feminine singular absolute
three
שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתshe.Lo.shet
H7969
three · cardinal number, both genders singular construct
days
יָמִ֗יםya.Mim
H3117
a day (as the warm hours) · noun, common masculine plural absolute
over
עֹֽבְרִים֙'oe.Rim
H5674
to cross over · verb, qal active participle, masculine plural absolute
Jordan
הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ןhai.yar.Den
H3383
Jarden · definite article + proper noun, a place name
in
לָבוֹא֙la.Vo'
H935
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
possess
לָרֶ֣שֶׁתla.Re.shet
H3423
to occupy (by driving out previous tenants · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
land
הָאָ֔רֶץha.'A.retz
H776
the earth (at large · definite article + noun, common feminine singular absolute
LORD
יְהוָ֣הYah.weh
H3068
Jehovah · proper noun, a title
God
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם'e.lo.hei.Khem
H430
gods in the ordinary sense · noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine plural
giveth
נֹתֵ֥ןno.Ten
H5414
to give · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
possess
לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּle.rish.Tah
H3423
to occupy (by driving out previous tenants · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person feminine singular
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Deuteronomy 9:1 Hear, O Israel: Thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to possess nations greater and mightier than thyself, cities great and fence…
2 Kings 20:5 Turn again, and tell Hezekiah the captain of my people, Thus saith the LORD, the God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer, I have se…
Hosea 6:2 After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight.
Deuteronomy 11:31 For ye shall pass over Jordan to go in to possess the land which the LORD your God giveth you, and ye shall possess it, and dwell therein.
Joshua 3:2 And it came to pass after three days, that the officers went through the host;
Exodus 19:11 And be ready against the third day: for the third day the LORD will come down in the sight of all the people upon mount Sinai.
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Joshua 1:10-15
Joshua, being settled in the government, immediately applies himself to business; not to take state or to take his pleasure, but to further the work of God among, the people over whom God had set him. As he that desires the office of a minister (Ti1 3:1), so he that desires the office of a magistrate, desires a work, a good work; neither is preferred to be idle.
I. He issues out orders to the people to provide for a march; and they had been so long encamped in their present post that it would be a work of some difficulty to decamp. The officers of the people that commanded under Joshua in their respective tribes and families attended him for orders, which they were to transmit to the people.…
command the people, saying, Prepare you victuals--not manna, which, though it still fell, would not keep; but corn, sheep, and articles of food procurable in the conquered countries.
for within three days ye shall pass over this Jordan--that is, the third day, according to Hebrew idiom--the time allotted for getting ready before the encampment in Abel-Shittim broke up and they removed to the desert bank of the river where no victuals were available. At the same time Joshua himself convened the two and a half tribes which had settled east of Jordan, to remind them of their promise (Num. 32:1-42) to assist their brethren in the conquest of western Canaan. Their readiness to redeem their pled…
Prepare you victuals - צדה tsedah, such prey or provisions as they had taken from the conquered countries, such as corn, oxen, sheep, etc.; for the word signifies prey, or what is taken by hunting, etc. This was necessary, as they were about to undergo considerable fatigue in marching, and in making preparations for the passage of the Jordan; for although the manna had not ceased to fall, yet such other provisions as are mentioned above were necessary on this occasion.
For within three days ye shall pass - Calmet contends, with great appearance of truth, that these three days should be reckoned from the first day of their encamping at Jordan, three days after the return of the spies, i.e., o…
The Church Fathers
Then here he says: "Prepare for yourselves provisions for the way." And today, if you would hear, Jesus says to you: if you follow me, "prepare for yourself provisions for the way." For the provisions are the works which accompany us to the way that is to come, like a faithful viaticum. Let us see, however—since it is not fitting to read the divine writings carelessly and as it were in passing—whence he bids them "prepare provisions" who have no grain: for manna was their food. But when we have now crossed the banks of this river, "the manna ceases"; and therefore, unless each one "prepares" for himself "provisions," he will not be able to follow Jesus as he enters the land of promise.
The question arises of knowing how, after the Lord had spoken to Joshua Ship, exhorting him and confirming him and promising him that he would be with him, Joshua himself sent the people through the scribes to prepare provisions, because after three days they would cross the Jordan , when in fact many more days passed before they passed the Jordan. After having sent this to the people, Joshua sent spies to Jericho, because, past the Jordan, it was the nearest city. They left to go to the home of the prostitute Rahab, who hid them. The king looked for them and could not find them. She let them escape through a window and advised them to hide for three days in the mountains. In all these events, four days may have been used (Cf Jos 2,3-6). So, after the spies told how the situation was around them, Joshua started tomorrow's march with the whole town from where he was. When he reached the Jordan, he withdrew and stayed there. The people again receive another harangue to prepare themselves to cross the Jordan after three days, leading the Ark of the Lord to the front. From this it is deduced that it was a human disposition by means of which the people were ordered to prepare provisions, as if they were going to cross the mentioned river after three days. Joshua could, indeed, hope, as a man, that all this could be done, if the spies had returned soon. But, taking them, although the Scripture does not say it, it is understood that the other things were fulfilled by divine disposition, so that Joshua began to be held in great esteem before the people and to show that the Lord was with him how he had been with Moses. For when he was about to cross the Jordan, the following is said as it is written: And the Lord said to Joshua, "On this day I will begin to exalt you before all the children of Israel, so that they may know that, as I was with Moses, so shall I be. also with you (Jos 3,7).” And it should not seem incredible to us that those with whom God spoke wanted to do something by human decision, in which they trusted that they had God for guidance and that the decisions they had made had been changed by the providence of God, who guided them . Because even Moses himself, naturally as a man, had thought that he should judge the causes of the people in such a way that it would not be of benefit to himself or to the people themselves bearing an unbearable weight.…
Dictionary and topics
Armies Of Israel, The · Mode of supplying: Food brought by themselves — Mode of supplying: Food brought by themselves
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
Pass through the host,.... The whole camp of Israel, consisting of six hundred thousand fighting men:
and command the people; even all the people of Israel; this includes women as well as men, for the one, as well as the other, were to do what follows, and especially it may seem the business of the former:
saying, prepare ye victuals; this must be understood; as Kimchi observes, of other sorts of food besides bread; for they had manna, the bread of heaven, which fell about their tents every morning, so that they were sufficiently provided with that always, and which did not cease until they had entered the land, even until the sixteenth of Nisan, Joshua 5:12; though indeed, as Abendana obs…
Joshua 1:10-18
10. Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people, saying,
10. Tunc praecepit Josue praefectis populi dicendo,
11. Pass through the host, and command the people, saying, Prepare you victuals; for within three days you shall pass over this Jordan, to go in to possess the land, which the LORD your God give you to possess it.
11. Transite per medium castrorum et praecipite populo, dicendo, Parate vobis annonam: quia post tres dies transibitis Jordanem hunc, ut intretis et possideatis terram, quam Jehova Deus vester dat vobis possidendam.
12. And to the Reubenites, and to the Gadites, and to half the tribe of Manasseh, spoke Joshua, saying,
12. Ad Reubenitas vero et Gadit…
Jos 1:10-11
Preparations for Crossing the Jordan. - Jos 1:10-11. For the purpose of carrying out the commands of the Lord, Joshua first of all directed the officers of the people (shoterim: see at Ex 5-6), whose duty it was, as the keepers of the family registers, to attend not only to the levying of the men who were bound to serve in the army, but also to the circulation of the commands of the general, to issue orders to the people in the camp to provide themselves with food, so that they might cross the Jordan within three days, and take the land that was promised them by God. By zedah, provision for a journey (Gen 42:25, etc.), we are not to understand manna, for that had already ceased (…
Because of fear and unbelief, the previous generation had refused to enter the Promised Land from the south forty years earlier (see Num 13–14). The current generation would now enter from the east, across the Jordan River.
Rashi on Joshua 1:11
Prepare your travel needs. [Prepare] everything necessary for (traveling) and weapons for the [upcoming] battle, he said to them. You cannot say the צֵדָה refers to food and drink20Metsudas Dovid maintains that while they still ate of the manna, they bought other varieties of food from the non-Jewish merchants, and it was these foods that they were commanded to prepare. for they had sufficient manna in their vessels to last them untill the sixteenth of Nissan, and so it is said:21Chapter 5:12. ‘The manna ceased on the morrow.’
After three days. At the end of three days. When you will have been here three days; then you will cross [the Jordan].