So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded.
a ravine · conjunction + definite article + noun, common feminine plural absolute
kings
מַלְכֵיהֶ֔םmal.khei.Hem
H4428
a king · noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine plural
left
הִשְׁאִ֖ירhish.'Ir
H7604
properly · verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
remaining
שָׂרִ֑ידsa.Rid
H8300
a survivor · noun, common masculine singular absolute
destroyed
הֶחֱרִ֔יםhe.che.Rim
H2763
to seclude · verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
breathed
הַנְּשָׁמָה֙ha.ne.sha.Mah
H5397
a puff · definite article + noun, common feminine singular absolute
LORD
יְהוָ֖הYah.weh
H3068
Jehovah · proper noun, a title
God
אֱלֹהֵ֥י'e.lo.Hei
H430
gods in the ordinary sense · noun, common masculine plural construct
Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלYis.ra.'El
H3478
Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
commanded
צִוָּ֔הtzi.Vah
H6680
(intensively) to constitute · verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Deuteronomy 7:2-16 And when the LORD thy God shall deliver them before thee; thou shalt smite them, and utterly destroy them; thou shalt make no covenant with…
Exodus 23:31-33 And I will set thy bounds from the Red sea even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river: for I will deliver the…
Deuteronomy 7:24 And he shall deliver their kings into thine hand, and thou shalt destroy their name from under heaven: there shall no man be able to stand b…
Deuteronomy 20:16-17 But of the cities of these people, which the LORD thy God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth:
Joshua 6:17 And the city shall be accursed, even it, and all that are therein, to the LORD: only Rahab the harlot shall live, she and all that are with…
Joshua 8:2 And thou shalt do to Ai and her king as thou didst unto Jericho and her king: only the spoil thereof, and the cattle thereof, shall ye take…
Joshua 8:27 Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for a prey unto themselves, according unto the word of the LORD which he commanded Jo…
Joshua 9:24 And they answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told thy servants, how that the LORD thy God commanded his servant Moses to giv…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Joshua 10:28–end
We are here informed how Joshua improved the late glorious victory he had obtained and the advantages he had gained by it, and to do this well is a general's praise.
I. Here is a particular account of the several cities which he immediately made himself master of. 1. The cities of three of the kings whom he had conquered in the field he went and took possession of, Lachish (Jos 10:31, Jos 10:32), Eglon (Jos 10:34, Jos 10:35), and Hebron, Jos 10:36, Jos 10:37. The other two, Jerusalem and Jarmuth, were not taken at this time; perhaps his forces were either so much fatigued with what they had done or so well content with what they had got that they had no mind to attack those places, and so th…
SEVEN MORE KINGS CONQUERED. (Jos 10:28-42)
that day Joshua took Makkedah--In this and the following verses is described the rapid succession of victory and extermination which swept the whole of southern Palestine into the hands of Israel. "All these kings and their land did Joshua take at one time, because the Lord God of Israel fought for Israel. And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal."
Next: Joshua Chapter 11
Adam Clarke on Joshua 10:40
All the country of the hills - See the note on Deu 1:7.
Destroyed all that breathed - Every person found in arms who continued to resist; these were all destroyed, - those who submitted were spared: but many no doubt made their escape, and afterwards reoccupied certain parts of the land. See Jos 10:36, Jos 10:37.
John Gill on Joshua 10:40
So Joshua smote all the country of the hills and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings,.... That part of the land of Canaan which lay southward, and consisted of hills and vales; which abounded with springs, and was a well watered country, and agrees with the description Moses gives of it, though he never saw it, Deuteronomy 8:7,
he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed; that is, all human creatures; for as for the cattle, they were spared as a prey:
as the Lord God of Israel commanded; this law is extant, Deuteronomy 20:16; and which is here observed to clear the Israelites from the charge of cruelty and inhumanity; since what they d…
The Church Fathers
Necessary, therefore, and first is this work of the Word of God, to "root out" the plants of sin and to "pluck up every plant which the heavenly Father has not planted" and to consume it with fire. Now the second work is to "plant." What is it that God "plants"? Moses says that "God planted a paradise." But even now "God plants" and daily "plants" in the souls of believers. For in the soul from which he has cut out anger, he "plants" gentleness, and from which he has cut out pride, he "plants" humility; from which he roots out wantonness, he "plants" chastity; from which he uproots ignorance, he implants knowledge. Does not such a planting, which "God plants," seem to you to ought to be greater than that of insensible and earthly trees? Likewise, in the first place, it is the work of the Word of God to destroy the diabolical buildings which it has constructed in the human soul. For that one built up towers of pride in each one of us and walls of haughtiness; these the word of God overthrows and undermines, so that deservedly, according to the Apostle, we may become "God's tillage and God's building, built upon the foundation of the Apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone, in whom the whole framework of the building grows into a temple of God in the Spirit," and so at last we may deserve to be made in the inheritance of the holy land in the Israelite portion, with all our enemies extinguished and slain, so that "there is not left of them any that breathes in us," but the Spirit of Christ alone may breathe in us, through works and words and spiritual understanding, according to the teaching of Christ Jesus our Lord, to whom is power and dominion unto the ages of ages. Amen!
I think that in this way it is better to understand the Israelite wars, and that in this way Jesus is better thought to do battle and to destroy cities and overthrow kingdoms. For thus also that saying will appear more religious and more merciful, which says that he so overthrew and laid waste each and every city "that nothing was left in them that breathed, nor anyone who was saved, nor anyone who escaped." For would that the Lord might so cast out and extinguish all former evils from the souls that believe in him and that he claims for his kingdom, and from my own soul, that no sense of malice in me may any longer "breathe," that no affection of anger, no affection of any evil desire may be saved in me, that no evil word may remain that "escapes" from my mouth. For thus, with Jesus as my leader, purged from all former evils, I shall be able to be made among the cities of the children of Israel, of which it is written: "the cities of Judah shall be built and they shall dwell in them." For indeed even now Jesus destroys and "builds" the soul of each one of us; and just as we were saying then, when we were discussing Jeremiah, that he had received "words in" his "mouth," by which he might "overthrow" and "build," "root out" and "plant," so also now in these things which we have in hand I think it is to be understood — not according to the heretics or according to the Jews; but as it was there said to Jeremiah: "behold, I have set you this day over the nations and the kingdoms, to root out and to overthrow and to bring to destruction, and after these things to build and to plant" — so also concerning these things which are written as done through Jesus it is to be believed, or rather concerning these things which through our Lord Jesus are even now being done in us. For the first work of the Word of God is to root out the preceding evils, the "thorns and thistles" of the vices. For while these roots hold the seized earth in their grip, it cannot receive the good and holy seeds.
Dictionary and topics
Adoni-zedec — Lord of justice or righteousness, was king in Jerusalem at the time when the Israelites invaded Palestine (Josh. 10:1, 3). He formed a confederacy with the other Canaanitish kings against the…
Ashdoth-pisgah — (Deut. 3:17; Josh. 12:3; 13:20) in Authorized Version, but in Revised Version translated “slopes of Pisgah.” In Deut. 4:49 it is translated in the Authorized Version “springs of Pisgah.” The name…
Hill — (1.) Heb. gib’eah, a curved or rounded hill, such as are common to Palestine (Ps. 65:12; 72:3; 114:4, 6). (2.) Heb. har, properly a mountain range rather than an individual eminence (Ex. 24:4, 12,…
Hills — From the Hebrew Gibeah, meaning a curved round hill. But our translators have also employed the same English word for the very different term har, which has a much more extended sense than gibeah,…
Makkedah — Herdsman’s place, one of the royal cities of the Canaanites (Josh. 12:16), near which was a cave where the five kings who had confederated against Israel sought refuge (10:10-29). They were put to…
Plain — (1.) Heb. ‘abel (Judg. 11:33), a “grassy plain” or “meadow.” Instead of “plains of the vineyards,” as in the Authorized Version, the Revised Version has “Abel-cheramim” (q.v.), comp. Judg. 11:22; 2…
Spring — (Heb. ‘ain, “the bright open source, the eye of the landscape”). To be carefully distinguished from “well” (q.v.). “Springs” mentioned in Josh. 10:40 (Heb. ‘ashdoth) should rather be “declivities” or…
Vale, Valley — It is hardly necessary to state that these words signify a hollow sweep of ground between two more or less parallel ridges of high land. The structure of the greater part of the holy land does not…
Captive · .Putting to — .Putting to
Massacre · .Of the cities of the seven kings — .Of the cities of the seven kings
Joshua 10:40 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Joshua 10:29-43
29. Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah:
29. Transivit deinde Josue et universus Israel cum eo de Makeda in Libna, et oppugnavit Libna.
30. And the LORD delivered it also, and the king thereof, into the hand of Israel; and he smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein; he let none remain in it; but did unto the king thereof as he did unto the king of Jericho.
30. Tradiditque Jehova illam etiam in manum Israel, et regem ejus, et percussit eam acie gladii, omnemque animam quae erat in ea: non reliquit in ea superstitem, fecitque regi ejus quemadmodum fecerat regi Jericho.
31. And Jo…
Summary of the Conquest of the Whole of Southern Canaan. - In the further prosecution of his victory over the five allied kings, Joshua smote the whole land, i.e., the whole of the south of Canaan from Gibeon onwards, in all its districts, namely the mountains (Jos 15:48), the Negeb (the south land, Jos 15:21), the lowlands (Jos 15:33), and the slopes, i.e., the hill region (Jos 12:8, and comm. on Num 21:15), and all the kings of these different districts, banning every living thing (כּל־נשׁמה = כּל־נפשׁ, Jos 10:28, Jos 10:30, i.e., all the men; vid., Deu 7:1-2; Deu 20:16. He smote them from Kadesh-barnea, on the southern boundary of Canaan (Jos 15:3; see at Num 12:16), to Gaza (see at Gen 1…
Joshua’s southern campaign cleared the way for the southern tribes to occupy this whole region when the settlement process began. • the western foothills: See study note on Deut 1:7.
Rashi on Joshua 10:40
The river valleys. The place where the water of the hills rush down.
"All these things happened to them figuratively, and they were written for our sake, upon whom the ends of the ages have come" — when the man who "is a Jew outwardly" and who has "circumcision made manifest in the flesh" reads this, not knowing what it is to be "inwardly a Jew in the circumcision of the heart," he thinks it to be nothing else than wars described, and the destruction of enemies, and the Israelites conquering under Jesus as their leader and plundering the kingdoms of the nations. But the one who is "a Jew inwardly," that is, the Christian, who follows Jesus not so much as the son of Nave but as the Son of God, understands all these things to be mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, and says that even now my Lord Jesus Christ wages war against the opposing powers and casts them out of the cities which they possessed — that is, out of our souls — and kills the kings who reigned in our souls, "that sin may no longer reign in us," so that, after he has slain the king of sin out of the city of our soul, our soul may become the city of God and God may reign in it, and it may be said to us that "behold, the kingdom of God is within you." This work, therefore, which the heretics accuse of cruelty, is a work of the highest mercy — that the Lord Jesus should now in truth accomplish through each and every soul of believers what was first foreshadowed by the son of Nave through each and every city: so that those cities which were possessed by evil and utterly wicked kings "according to the prince of the power of the air of this world, the spirit that now works in the children of unbelief" — these having been expelled and slain — he may deign to make them "the dwelling place of God" and "the temple of the Holy Spirit," so that "the members which had served" under the wicked king "iniquity unto uncleanness may now serve righteousness unto sanctification." Thus, therefore, understand that Jesus slew the king of Jericho and the king of Ai and the king of Libnah and the king of Lachish and the king of Hebron, so that all these cities, which before under the most wicked kings observed the law of sin, may now conduct themselves under the laws of God.
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).
Valleys
· Called: Vales
— Called: Vales
War · Of extermination — Of extermination
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).