Joshua 13:27 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Joshua 13:27
And in the valley, Betharam, and Bethnimrah, and Succoth, and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, Jordan and his border, even unto the edge of the sea of Chinnereth on the other side Jordan eastward.
a vale (i.e. broad depression) · conjunction + preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
Beth-aram
בֵּ֣יתbeit
H1027
Beth-ha-Ram · proper noun, a place name
Beth-nimrah
וּבֵ֨יתu.Veit
H1039
Beth-Nimrah · conjunction + proper noun, a place name
Succoth
וְסֻכּ֣וֹתve.su.Kot
H5523
Succoth · conjunction + proper noun, a place name
Zaphon
וְצָפ֗וֹןve.tza.Fon
H6829
Tsaphon · conjunction + proper noun, a place name
rest
יֶ֚תֶרYe.ter
H3499
properly · noun, common masculine singular construct
kingdom
מַמְלְכ֗וּתmam.le.Khut
H4468
dominion · noun, common feminine singular construct
Sihon
סִיחוֹן֙si.chOn
H5511
Sichon · proper noun, a man's name
king
מֶ֣לֶךְMe.lekh
H4428
a king · noun, common masculine singular construct
Heshbon
חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹןchesh.Bon
H2809
Cheshbon · proper noun, a place name
Jordan
הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ןhai.yar.Den
H3383
Jarden · definite article + proper noun, a place name
border
וּגְבֻ֑לu.ge.Vul
H1366
properly · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular absolute
edge
קְצֵה֙ke.Tzeh
H7097
an extremity · noun, common masculine singular construct
sea
יָםyom-
H3220
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water · noun, common masculine singular construct
Chinnereth
כִּנֶּ֔רֶתki.Ne.ret
H3672
Kinneroth or Kinnereth · proper noun, a place name
side
עֵ֥בֶר'E.ver
H5676
properly · noun, common masculine singular construct
Jordan
הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ןhai.yar.Den
H3383
Jarden · definite article + proper noun, a place name
eastward
מִזְרָֽחָהmiz.Ra.chah
H4217
sunrise · noun, common masculine singular absolute + directional suffix
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Genesis 33:17 And Jacob journeyed to Succoth, and built him an house, and made booths for his cattle: therefore the name of the place is called Succoth.
Numbers 32:36 And Beth-nimrah, and Beth-haran, fenced cities: and folds for sheep.
Numbers 34:11 And the coast shall go down from Shepham to Riblah, on the east side of Ain; and the border shall descend, and shall reach unto the side of…
Deuteronomy 3:17 The plain also, and Jordan, and the coast thereof, from Chinnereth even unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea, under Ashdoth-pisgah e…
Joshua 11:2 And to the kings that were on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth, and in the valley, and in the borders of Do…
Numbers 32:3 Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon,
Joshua 12:3 And from the plain to the sea of Chinneroth on the east, and unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea on the east, the way to Beth-jeshi…
Judges 8:5-6 And he said unto the men of Succoth, Give, I pray you, loaves of bread unto the people that follow me; for they be faint, and I am pursuing…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Joshua 13:7–end
Here we have, I. Orders given to Joshua to assign to each tribe its portion of this land, including that which was yet unsubdued, which must be brought into the lot, in a believing confidence that it should be conquered when Israel was multiplied so as to have occasion for it (Jos 13:7): Now divide this land. Joshua thought all must be conquered before any must be divided. "No," said, God, "there is as much conquered as will serve your turn for the present; divide this, and make your best of it, and wait for the remainder hereafter." Note, We must take the comfort of what we have, though we cannot compass all we would have. Observe,
1. The land must be divided among the several tribes, and t…
With whom--Hebrew, "him." The antecedent is evidently to Manasseh, not, however, the half-tribe just mentioned, but the other half; for the historian, led, as it were, by the sound of the word, breaks off to describe the possessions beyond Jordan already assigned to Reuben, Gad, and the half of Manasseh (see on Num 32:1; Num 32:33; also see Deu 3:8-17). It may be proper to remark that it was wise to put these boundaries on record. In case of any misunderstanding or dispute arising about the exact limits of each district or property, an appeal could always be made to this authoritative document, and a full knowledge as well as grateful sense obtained of what they had received from God (Psa 16…
Beth-aram - This city was rebuilt by Herod, and called Livias, in honor of Livia, the wife of Augustus. Josephus calls it Julias, Julia being the name which the Greeks commonly give to Livia. - Calmet.
Succoth - A place between Jabbok and Jordan where Jacob pitched his tents, from which circumstance it obtained its name, see Gen 33:17.
John Gill on Joshua 13:27
And in the valley, Betharam,.... The same with Bethharan; see Gill on Numbers 32:36,
and Bethnimrah; sometimes called Nimrah, Numbers 32:3; near to which were some waters, called the waters of Nimrim, Isaiah 15:6; It was in Jerom's (p) time a large village; it seems to have its name from leopards, which perhaps had their haunts hereabout:
and Succoth: the place where Jacob pitched his tent after he had passed over Jabbok; it is called in the Jerusalem Talmud (q) Thaarabah:
and Zaphon; which in the same Talmud is Amatho or Amathus, which Jerom says (r) is a village beyond Jordan, twenty one miles from Pella to the south, though he places it in the tribe of Reuben:
the rest of the kingdom…
Dictionary and topics
Beth-aram — House of the height; i.e., “mountain-house”, one of the towns of Gad, 3 miles east of Jordan, opposite Jericho (Josh. 13:27). Probably the same as Beth-haran in Num. 32:36. It was called by king…
Betharam — (house of the height), accurately BETH-HARAM, one of the towns of Gad on the east of Jordan, described as in “the valley,” (Joshua 13:27) and no doubt the same place as that named BETH-HARAN in…
Bethharan — (Numbers 32:36) It is no doubt the same place as BETH-ARAM. (Joshua 13:27)
Bethnimrah — (house of leopards) one of the fenced cities on the east of Jordan taken and built by the tribe of Gad (Numbers 32:36) and described as being in the valley beside Beth-haran. (Joshua 13:27) In…
Chinnereth — Lyre, the singular form of the word (Deut. 3:17; Josh. 19:35), which is also used in the plural form, Chinneroth, the name of a fenced city which stood near the shore of the lake of Galilee, a little…
Chinnereth, Sea Of — (Numbers 34:11; Joshua 13:27) the inland sea, which is most similarly known to us as the “Lake of Gennesareth” or “Sea of Galilee.”
Gad — Fortune; luck. (1.) Jacob’s seventh son, by Zilpah, Leah’s handmaid, and the brother of Asher (Gen. 30:11-13; 46:16, 18). In the Authorized Version of 30:11 the words, “A troop cometh: and she…
Gad, The Tribe Of — The country allotted to the tribe of Gad appears, speaking roughly, to have lain chiefly about the centre of the land east of Jordan. The sought of that district—from the Arnon (Wady Mojeb), about…
Galilee, Sea of — (Matt. 4:18; 15:29), is mentioned in the Bible under three other names. (1.) In the Old Testament it is called the “sea of Chinnereth” (Num. 34:11; Josh. 12:3; 13:27), as is supposed from its…
Nimrah — Pure, a city on the east of Jordan (Num. 32:3); probably the same as Beth-nimrah (Josh. 13:27). It has been identified with the Nahr Nimrin, at one of the fords of Jordan, not far from Jericho.
Joshua 13:15-33
15. And Moses gave unto the tribe of the children of Reuben inheritance according to their families.
15. Dedit ergo Moses tribui filiorum Ruben per familias suas:
16. And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain by Medeba;
16. Fuitque illis terminus ab Aroer, quae est juxta ripam torrentis Arnon, et urbs quae est in medio vallis, et universa planities quae est juxta Medeba.
17. Heshbon, and all her cities that are in the plain; Dibon, and Bamothbaal, and Bethbaalmeon,
17. Hesbon et omnes urbes ejus, quae erant in planitie: Dibon et Bamoth-baal, et Beth-baalmeon.
18. And Jahazah…
On the north, the territory of Gad seems to have extended to the Jabbok, and only to have stretched beyond the Jabbok at Mahanaim, which formed the boundary of half-Manasseh, according to Jos 13:30. In the valley of the Jordan, on the other hand, the boundary reached to the Sea of Galilee. "The valley" is the valley of the Jordan, or the Arabah from Wady Hesbn above the Dead Sea up to the Sea of Galilee, along the east side of the Jordan, which belonged to the kingdom of Sihon (Jos 12:3; Deu 3:17). The northern boundary of the tribe of Reuben must have touched the Jordan in the neighbourhood of the Wady Hesbn. In the Jordan valley were Beth-haram, the future Libias, and present er Rameh (see…
Gad was Jacob’s seventh son, born to Zilpah, Leah’s servant. Just as Gad’s position in his family was peripheral, the tribe of Gad was peripheral to Israel.
Rashi on Joshua 13:27
The Jordan and its border. The Jordan and its boundary, [including] the cities which are on its bank.
Succoth — Booths. (1.) The first encampment of the Israelites after leaving Ramesses (Ex. 12:37); the civil name of Pithom (q.v.). (2.) A city on the east of Jordan, identified with Tell Dar’ala, a high mound,…
Zaphon — (north), a place mentioned in the enumeration of the allotment of the tribe of Gad. (Joshua 13:27)
Amorites, The · Land of, given to Reubenites, &c — Land of, given to Reubenites, &c
Beth-Aram · A fortified city of Gad — A fortified city of Gad
Beth-Haran · Probably i — Probably i
Beth-Nimrah · A fenced city east of the Jordan River — A fenced city east of the Jordan River
Chinnereth · 3. The sea of — 3. The sea of
Gad · .Boundaries of territory — .Boundaries of territory
Gad, The Tribe Of · Bounds of its inheritance — Bounds of its inheritance
Galilee · . — .
Succoth · .Allotted to the tribe of Gad — .Allotted to the tribe of Gad
Topography · Of — Of
Tribes Of Israel, The · Reuben, Gad and half Manasseh: Settled on east side of Jordan — Reuben, Gad and half Manasseh: Settled on east side of Jordan
Zaphon · A city in the territory of the tribe of Gad — A city in the territory of the tribe of Gad
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
