Joshua 21:1 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Joshua 21:1
Then came near the heads of the fathers of the Levites unto Eleazar the priest, and unto Joshua the son of Nun, and unto the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel;
to be or come (causatively · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
heads
רָאשֵׁי֙ra.Shei
H7218
the head (as most easily shaken) · noun, common masculine plural construct
fathers
אֲב֣וֹת'a.Vot
H1
father · noun, common feminine plural construct
Levites
הַלְוִיִּ֔םhal.vi.Yim
H3881
a Levite or descendant of Levi · definite article + noun, gentilic masculine plural absolute
Eleazar
אֶלְעָזָר֙'el.'a.Zar
H499
Elazar · proper noun, a man's name
priest
הַכֹּהֵ֔ןha.ko.Hen
H3548
literally one officiating · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
Joshua
יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַye.ho.Shu.a'
H3091
Jehoshua (i.e. Joshua) · proper noun, a man's name
son
בִּןbin-
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine singular construct
Nun
נ֑וּןNun
H5126
Nun or Non · proper noun, a man's name
heads
רָאשֵׁ֛יra.Shei
H7218
the head (as most easily shaken) · noun, common masculine plural construct
fathers
אֲב֥וֹת'a.Vot
H1
father · noun, common feminine plural construct
tribes
הַמַּטּ֖וֹתha.ma.Tot
H4294
a branch (as extending) · definite article + noun, common feminine plural absolute
children
לִבְנֵ֥יliv.Nei
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct
Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלYis.ra.'El
H3478
Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Joshua 14:1 And these are the countries which the children of Israel inherited in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nu…
Joshua 17:4 And they came near before Eleazar the priest, and before Joshua the son of Nun, and before the princes, saying, The LORD commanded Moses to…
Joshua 19:51 These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children…
Exodus 6:14 These be the heads of their fathers’ houses: The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel; Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi: these be the…
Exodus 6:25 And Eleazar Aaron’s son took him one of the daughters of Putiel to wife; and she bare him Phinehas: these are the heads of the fathers of th…
Numbers 34:17-29 These are the names of the men which shall divide the land unto you: Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun.
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Joshua 21:1-8
Here is, I. The Levites' petition presented to this general convention of the states, now sitting at Shiloh, Jos 21:1, Jos 21:2. Observe, 1. They had not their lot assigned them till they made their claim. There is an inheritance provided for all the saints, that royal priesthood, but then they must petition for it. Ask, and it shall be given you. Joshua had quickened the rest of the tribes who were slack to put in their claims, but the Levites, it may be supposed, knew their duty and interest better than the rest, and were therefore forward in this matter, when it came to their turn, without being called upon. They build their claim upon a very good foundation, not their own merits nor serv…
The heads of the fathers of the Levites - The Levites were composed of three brand families, the Gershonites, Koathites, and Merarites, independently of the family of Aaron, who might be said to form a fourth. To none of these had God assigned any portion in the division of the land. But in this general division it must have been evidently intended that the different tribes were to furnish them with habitations; and this was according to a positive command of God, Num 35:2, etc. Finding now that each tribe had its inheritance appointed to it, the heads of the Levites came before Eleazar, Joshua, and the chiefs of the tribes who had been employed in dividing the land, and requested that citie…
Then came near the heads of the fathers of the Levites,.... When the land was divided to the several tribes, and everyone knew the cities that belonged to them, and what they could and should part with to the Levites, and when the six cities of refuge were fixed; the Levites came to put in their claim for cities of habitation, they having no share in the division of the land; and yet it was necessary they should have habitations; the persons that undertook to put in a claim for them were the principal men among them; the fathers of them were Kohath, Gershon, and Merari; the heads of those were the chief men that were then living: these came
unto Eleazar the priest, and unto Joshua the son o…
The Church Fathers
All the sons of Israel received their allotments in the land, but for the Levites God alone suffices as their inheritance. Yet since the Levites receive "tithes" and "firstfruits" of the produce from the sons of Israel by God's command, it was fitting that they should also receive tithes, so to speak, from the land and from the dwelling-places; for this is what it means to have received "tithes from all." And therefore "the chief men who were among the sons of Levi, coming to Eleazar the priest and to Jesus the son of Nave, and to the leaders of the tribes of the sons of Israel in Shiloh in the land of Canaan, said": "The Lord commanded by the hand of Moses to give us cities to dwell in, and their suburbs for our animals." It was fitting that a lot should also be cast for the "suburbs" and for the "cities," lest by chance the division carried out among the Levites should seem to be made indiscriminately and by mere accident. Therefore, just as the distribution of the lot, which was made among the sons of Israel, had a reason by which one man was held worthy of the first lot, and another of the second — concerning which, as far as we were able, we have already treated before, and also concerning those who, through Moses, receive beyond the Jordan, and from Jesus in the land of promise —, where the first lot fell to Benjamin and afterward to the rest, among whom Dan was last: so must there also be some reason in the priestly and Levitical allotment, that to some the first lot, to others the second, and to others indeed the third is drawn, by which these or those places are assigned to each one. Now the "sons of Levi" are said to be "Gershon and Kohath and Merari," and it is shown that Kohath held first place in honor, because the "sons of Kohath" were "Amram," "Moses and Aaron and Miriam." Therefore from Kohath was produced that part of the people which is priestly, which is Aaron and his sons; but Moses is to be reckoned either in the priestly order, or, if there can be anything even beyond the priestly, there; and there is another account concerning his sons. But the "rest" of the "sons of Kohath," who are from "Izhar and Hebron and Uzziel," held their place according to their order in the tribe of Levi. Then after these, after Kohath, "Gershon" among the sons of Levi receives his portion in the third place, but "Merari" the very last of all. Now this is…
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).
Dictionary and topics
Kibzaim — Two heaps, a city of Ephraim, assigned to the Kohathite Levites, and appointed as a city of refuge (Josh. 21: 22). It is also called Jokmeam (1 Chr. 6:68).
Levite — A descendant of the tribe of Levi (Ex. 6:25; Lev. 25:32; Num. 35:2; Josh. 21:3, 41). This name is, however, generally used as the title of that portion of the tribe which was set apart for the…
Petition · Israel — Israel
Shiloh · .Seat of government during the time of Joshua — .Seat of government during the time of Joshua
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
Joshua 21:1-19
1. Then came near the heads of the fathers of the Levites unto Eleazar the priest, and unto Joshua the son of Nun, and unto the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel;
1. Accesserunt autem principes patrum Levitarum ad Eleazar sacerdotem, et ad Josue filium Nun, et ad principes patrum tribuum filiorum Israel.
2. And they spoke unto them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, The LORD commanded by the hand of Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with the suburbs thereof for our cattle.
2. Loquutique sunt ad eos in Silo in terra Chanaan, dicendo, Jehova praecepit per manum Mosis ut daretis nobis urbes ad habitandum, et suburbana earum pro animalibus…