Jude 1:13

Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.

King James Version · Read in your translation · Open the Explore console

Word by word — the Greek

Word	Greek	Strong’s	Meaning
Raging	ἄγρια agria	G66	wild (as pertaining to the country) · adjective — nominative plural neuter
waves	κύματα kumata	G2949	a billow (as bursting or toppling) · noun — nominative plural neuter
sea	θαλάσσης thalassēs	G2281	the sea (genitive case or specially) · noun — genitive singular feminine
out	ἐπαφρίζοντα epaphrizonta	G1890	to foam upon · verb — present active participle, nominative plural neuter
own	ἑαυτῶν he'autōn	G1438	him- (her- · reflexive pronoun
shame	αἰσχύνας, aischunas	G152	shame or disgrace (abstractly or concretely) · noun — accusative plural feminine
wandering	πλανῆται planētai	G4107	a rover ("planet") · adjective — nominative plural masculine
stars	ἀστέρες asteres	G792	a star (as strown over the sky) · noun — nominative plural masculine
whom	οἷς hois	G3739	the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun · relative pronoun — dative plural masculine
reserved	τετήρηται. tetērētai	G5083	perhaps akin to G2334 (θεωρέω)) · verb — perfect passive indicative, 3rd person singular
blackness	ζόφος zophos	G2217	gloom (as shrouding like a cloud) · noun — nominative singular masculine
darkness	σκότους skotous	G4655	shadiness · noun — genitive singular neuter
for	εἰς eis	G1519	to or into (indicating the point reached or entered) · preposition
ever	αἰῶνα aiōna	G165	properly · noun — accusative singular masculine

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

2 Peter 2:17 These are wells without water, clouds that are carried with a tempest; to whom the mist of darkness is reserved for ever.
Philippians 3:19 Whose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things.)
Isaiah 57:20 But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt.
Psalms 65:7 Which stilleth the noise of the seas, the noise of their waves, and the tumult of the people.
2 Timothy 3:13 But evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived.
Revelation 14:10-11 The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be t…
Revelation 20:10 And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are, and shall be torme…
Psalms 93:3-4 The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their waves.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Jude 1:8-15

The apostle here exhibits a charge against deceivers who were now seducing the disciples of Christ from the profession and practice of his holy religion. He calls them filthy dreamers, forasmuch as delusion is a dream, and the beginning of, and inlet to, all manner of filthiness. Note, Sin is filthiness; it renders men odious and vile in the sight of the most holy God, and makes them (sooner or later, as penitent or as punished to extremity and without resource) vile in their own eyes, and in a while they become vile in the eyes of all about them. These filthy dreamers dream themselves into a fool's paradise on earth, and into a real hell at last: let their character, course, and end, be our…

Read the whole note in the console

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Jude 1:13

Raging--wild. Jude has in mind Isa 57:20. shame--plural in Greek, "shames" (compare Phi 3:19). wandering stars--instead of moving on in a regular orbit, as lights to the world, bursting forth on the world like erratic comets, or rather, meteors of fire, with a strange glare, and then doomed to fall back again into the blackness of gloom.

Adam Clarke on Jude 1:13

Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame - The same metaphor as in Isa 57:20 : The wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt. These are like the sea in a storm, where the swells are like mountains; the breakers lash the shore, and sound like thunder; and the great deep, stirred up from its very bottom, rolls its muddy, putrid sediment, and deposits it upon the beach. Such were those proud and arrogant boasters, those headstrong, unruly, and ferocious men, who swept into their own vortex the souls of the simple, and left nothing behind them that was not indicative of their folly, their turbulence, and their impurity. Wandering stars…

Read the whole note in the console

John Gill on Jude 1:13

Raging waves of the sea,.... False teachers are so called, for their, swelling pride and vanity; which, as it is what prevails in human nature, is a governing vice in such persons, for knowledge without grace puffs up; and this shows that they had not received the doctrine of grace in truth, for that humbles; as also for their arrogance, boasting, and ostentation; and for their noisiness, their restless, uneasy, and turbulent spirits, for their furious and wrathful dispositions; as well as for their levity and inconstancy, and for their turpitude and filthiness: foaming out their own shame: wrathful words, frothy and obscene language, and filthy doctrines; and which expresses the issue of t…

The Church Fathers

These people are called wandering stars because they do not follow the sun of truth.
— Hilary of Arles, INTRODUCTORY COMMENTARY ON JUDE

"Waves," he says, "of a raging sea." By these words he signifies the life of the Gentiles, whose end is abominable ambition. "Wandering stars,"— that is, he means those who err and are apostates are of that kind of stars which fell from the seats of the angels— "to whom," for their apostasy, "the blackness of darkness is reserved forever.
— Clement of Alexandria ((as quoted by Cassiodorus)), From the Latin Translation of Cassiodorus

These are people who by their wicked life and ungodliness have killed their souls with false doctrines. Before they believed, they were dead in their ungodliness, but when they turned to the gospel they found life. However, they gave themselves up again to ungodliness and lust, thereby killing themselves a second time. How can someone who is this guilty, doing evil and living in ungodliness and lust, ever find stability or roots in such a topsy-turvy life?
— Andreas of Caesarea, CATENA

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Jude 1:13

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Jude 1:8-15

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Jude 1:13

Adam Clarke on Jude 1:13

John Gill on Jude 1:13

The Church Fathers

Jude 1:13

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Jude 1:8-15

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Jude 1:13

Adam Clarke on Jude 1:13

John Gill on Jude 1:13

The Church Fathers

John Calvin on Jude 1:11-13

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Jude 1:13