Leviticus 19:13

Thou shalt not defraud thy neighbour, neither rob him: the wages of him that is hired shall not abide with thee all night until the morning.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
defraud	תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק ta.'a.Shok	H6231	to press upon · verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular
neighbour	רֵֽעֲךָ֖ re.'a.Kha	H7453	an associate (more or less close) · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine singular
rob	תִגְזֹ֑ל tig.Zol	H1497	to pluck off · verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular
wages	פְּעֻלַּ֥ת pe.'u.Lat	H6468	(abstractly) work · noun, common feminine singular construct
hired	שָׂכִ֛יר sa.Khir	H7916	a man at wages by the day or year · adjective, masculine singular absolute
abide	תָלִ֞ין ta.Lin	H3885	to stop (usually over night) · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular
morning	בֹּֽקֶר Bo.ker	H1242	properly · noun, common masculine singular absolute

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

James 5:4 Behold, the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: and the cries of them which…
Malachi 3:5 And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false…
Deuteronomy 24:14-15 Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land with…
Proverbs 20:10 Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD.
Jeremiah 22:13 Woe unto him that buildeth his house by unrighteousness, and his chambers by wrong; that useth his neighbour’s service without wages, and gi…
Exodus 22:15 But if the owner thereof be with it, he shall not make it good: if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire.
Exodus 22:21 Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
Jeremiah 22:3 Thus saith the LORD; Execute ye judgment and righteousness, and deliver the spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Leviticus 19:11-18

We are taught here, I. To be honest and true in all our dealings, Lev 19:11. God, who has appointed every man's property by his providence, forbids by his law the invading of that appointment, either by downright theft, You shall not steal, or by fraudulent dealing, "You shall not cheat, or deal falsely." Whatever we have in the world, we must see to it that it be honestly come by, for we cannot be truly rich, nor long rich, with that which is not. The God of truth, who requires truth in the heart (Psa 51:6), requires it also in the tongue: Neither lie one to another, either in bargaining or common converse. This is one of the laws of Christianity (Col 3:9): Lie not one to another. Those tha…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Leviticus 19:11

Ye shall not steal--A variety of social duties are inculcated in this passage, chiefly in reference to common and little-thought-of vices to which mankind are exceedingly prone; such as committing petty frauds, or not scrupling to violate truth in transactions of business, ridiculing bodily infirmities, or circulating stories to the prejudice of others. In opposition to these bad habits, a spirit of humanity and brotherly kindness is strongly enforced.

Adam Clarke on Leviticus 19:13

The wages - shall not abide with thee all night - For this plain reason, it is the support of the man's life and family, and they need to expend it as fast as it is earned.

John Gill on Leviticus 19:13

Thou shalt not defraud thy neighbour, neither rob him,.... Not defraud him secretly, nor rob him openly and by force, as Aben Ezra; not defraud him in buying and selling, in retaining wages due to him, and refusing to return to him what has been committed to trust, or to repay him what has been borrowed of him: the Vulgate Latin is, "thou shall not calumniate him", or get anything from him, by raising a calumny upon him; nor rob him by coming into his house, or entering into his fields, and taking away his goods, or his cattle without his will, and in a forcible manner; or by meeting him on the highway and demanding his money, and taking it from him: the wages of him that is hired shall not…

The Church Fathers

Let no one deny the hireling the wage he is owed, since we too are hirelings of our God, and from him we look forward to the reward of our labor. And if you indeed, whatever type of businessman you are, deny your hireling a monetary payment that is a perishable trifle, you shall be denied the reward of heaven that has been promised. You shall not defraud, as the law says, the hireling of his pay.
— Ambrose of Milan, LETTER 62 (19).3

You will not harm your neighbor. If men easily knew what it was to do harm and not do it, perhaps this general precept would be enough to preserve innocence. Because everything that is forbidden to do to others can be reduced to these words of Scripture: You will not harm your neighbor. What follows next: You will not deprive him, if he does not refer to the fact of not doing harm to others, stripping him, it can sometimes lead to one hurting another not stripping him, because to a madman, for example, you have to take him the sword, and if one did not do it when necessary, it would cause more damage.
— Augustine of Hippo, QUESTIONS ON LEVITICUS, Q. 69 (tr. J. Litteral, draft)

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Hireling — A labourer employed on hire for a limited time (Job 7:1; 14:6; Mark 1:20). His wages were paid as soon as his work was over (Lev. 19:13). In the time of our Lord a day’s wage was a “penny” (q.v.)…
Poor — The Mosaic legislation regarding the poor is specially important. (1.) They had the right of gleaning the fields (Lev. 19:9, 10; Deut. 24:19, 21). (2.) In the sabbatical year they were to have their…
Wages — Rate of (mention only in Matt. 20:2); to be punctually paid (Lev. 19:13; Deut. 24:14, 15); judgements threatened against the withholding of (Jer. 22:13; Mal. 3:5; comp. James 5:4); paid in money…
Dishonesty · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Employee · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Employer · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Justice · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Labor · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Master · SCRIPTURES RELATING TO MASTERS OF SERVANTS — SCRIPTURES RELATING TO MASTERS OF SERVANTS
Masters · Duty of, toward servants: Not to keep back their wages — Duty of, toward servants: Not to keep back their wages
Night · The Jews: Forbidden to keep the wages of servants during — The Jews: Forbidden to keep the wages of servants during
Robbery · Forbid

Leviticus 19:13

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Leviticus 19:11-18

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Leviticus 19:11

Adam Clarke on Leviticus 19:13

John Gill on Leviticus 19:13

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Leviticus 19:13

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Leviticus 19:11-18

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Leviticus 19:11

Adam Clarke on Leviticus 19:13

John Gill on Leviticus 19:13

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

John Calvin on Leviticus 19:12-13

Keil & Delitzsch on Leviticus 19:9-18

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Leviticus 19:13

Rashi on Leviticus 19:13