Matthew 27:48

And straightway one of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink.

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Word by word — the Greek

Word	Greek	Strong’s	Meaning
And	καὶ kai	G2532	and · conjunction
straightway	εὐθέως eutheōs	G2112	directly · adverb
one	εἷς heis	G1520	one · adjective — nominative singular masculine
of	ἐξ ex	G1537	literal or figurative · preposition
them	αὐτῶν autōn	G846	the reflexive pronoun self · personal pronoun — genitive plural masculine
ran	δραμὼν dramōn	G5143	compare G2359 (θρίξ)) · verb — second aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
and	καὶ kai	G2532	and · conjunction
took	λαβὼν labōn	G2983	while G138 (αἱρέομαι) is more violent · verb — second aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
spunge	σπόγγον, spongon	G4699	a "sponge" · noun — accusative singular masculine
and	τε te	G5037	both or also (properly · conjunction
filled	πλήσας plēsas	G4130	to "fill" (literally or figuratively (imbue · verb — aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
vinegar	ὄξους oxous	G3690	vinegar · noun — genitive singular neuter
and	καὶ kai	G2532	and · conjunction
put	περιθεὶς peritheis	G4060	to place around · verb — second aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
reed	καλάμῳ kalamō	G2563	a reed (the plant or its stem · noun — dative singular masculine
gave	ἐπότιζεν epotizen	G4222	to furnish drink · verb — imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular
him	αὐτόν. auton	G846	the reflexive pronoun self · personal pronoun — accusative singular masculine
drink	ποτίζω potízō	G4222	to furnish drink

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

Psalms 69:21 They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.
Matthew 27:34 They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink.
Luke 23:36 And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar,
John 19:29-30 Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Matthew 27:9

Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, saying-- (Zac 11:12-13). Never was a complicated prophecy, otherwise hopelessly dark, more marvellously fulfilled. Various conjectures have been formed to account for Matthew's ascribing to Jeremiah a prophecy found in the book of Zechariah. But since with this book he was plainly familiar, having quoted one of its most remarkable prophecies of Christ but a few chapters before (Mat 21:4-5), the question is one more of critical interest than real importance. Perhaps the true explanation is the following, from LIGHTFOOT: "Jeremiah of old had the first place among the prophets, and hereby he comes to be mentioned above all the rest…

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John Gill on Matthew 27:48

And straightway one of them ran and took a sponge,.... Which was not far from the cross, where a vessel full of vinegar was set, John 19:29, and filled it with vinegar; dipping it into it, it sucked it up. Some of these sponges had leathern handles to them. (r). And put it on a reed; a stalk of hyssop; See Gill on John 19:29, and gave him to drink; not to revive his spirits, or hasten his death, as some have thought, but in contempt of him, and to mock him, he having signified that he was athirst, (r) Misn. Sabbat, c. 21. sect. 3.

John Calvin on Matthew 27:45-56

Matthew 27:45-56 Matthew 27:45-56 Mark 15:33-41 Luke 23:44-49 45. Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over the whole land [280] till the ninth hour. 46. And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? 47. And some of those who were standing by, when they heard it, said, He calleth Elijah. 48. And immediately one of them ran, and took a sponge, and filled it with vinegar, and fastened it to a reed, and gave him to drink. 49. But others said, Let him alone, let us see if Elijah will come to save him. 50. And Jesus having again cried with a loud voice, gave up his spirit. 51. And, lo, the…

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The Church Fathers

Thus the Source of living water is made to drink vinegar, the Giver of honey is fed with gall; Forgiveness is scourged, Acquittance is condemned, Majesty is mocked, Virtue ridiculed, the Bestower of showers is repaid with spitting.
— Pseudo-Chrysostom ((as quoted by Aquinas, AD 1274)), Catena Aurea by Aquinas

And perhaps all who know the ecclesiastical doctrine, but live amiss, have given them to drink wine mingled with gall; but they who attribute to Christ untrue opinions, these filling a sponge with vinegar, put it upon the reed of Scripture, and put it to His mouth.
— Origen of Alexandria ((as quoted by Aquinas, AD 1274)), Catena Aurea by Aquinas

Or otherwise; The Jews as degenerating from the wine of the Patriarchs and Prophets were vinegar; they had deceitful hearts, like to the winding holes and hollows in spunge. By the reed, Sacred Scripture is denoted, which was fulfilled in this action; for as we call that which the tongue utters, the Hebrew tongue, or the Greek tongue, for example; so the writing, or letters which the seed produces, we may call a reed.
— Remigius of Rheims ((as quoted by Aquinas, AD 1274)), Catena Aurea by Aquinas

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Crucifixion — A common mode of punishment among heathen nations in early times. It is not certain whether it was known among the ancient Jews; probably it was not. The modes of capital punishment according to the…
Hyssop — (Heb. ‘ezob; LXX. hyssopos), first mentioned in Ex. 12:22 in connection with the institution of the Passover. We find it afterwards mentioned in Lev. 14:4, 6, 52; Num. 19:6, 18; Heb. 9:19. It is…
Reed — (1.) “Paper reeds” (Isa. 19:7; R.V., “reeds”). Heb. ‘aroth, properly green herbage growing in marshy places. (2.) Heb. kaneh (1 Kings 14:15; Job 40:21; Isa. 19:6), whence the Gr. kanna, a “cane,” a…
Sponge — Occurs only in the narrative of the crucifixion (Matt. 27:48; Mark 15:36; John 19:29). It is ranked as a zoophyte. It is found attached to rocks at the bottom of the sea.
Vinegar — Heb. hometz, Gr. oxos, Fr. vin aigre; i.e., “sour wine.” The Hebrew word is rendered vinegar in Ps. 69:21, a prophecy fulfilled in the history of the crucifixion (Matt. 27:34). This was the common…
Sponge · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Vinegar · Offered to Christ while on the cross — Offered to Christ while on the cross

Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Matthew 27:9

John Gill on Matthew 27:48

John Calvin on Matthew 27:45-56

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Matthew 27:9

John Gill on Matthew 27:48

John Calvin on Matthew 27:45-56

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Matthew 27:48