Numbers 18:12 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Numbers 18:12
All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the LORD, them have I given thee.
oil (as producing light) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
best
חֵ֖לֶבChe.lev
H2459
fat · noun, common masculine singular construct
wine
תִּיר֣וֹשׁti.Ro.osh
H8492
must or fresh grape-juice (as just squeezed out) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
wheat
וְדָגָ֑ןve.da.Gan
H1715
properly · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular absolute
firstfruits
רֵאשִׁיתָ֛םre.shi.Tam
H7225
the first · noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine plural
offer
יִתְּנ֥וּyi.te.Nu
H5414
to give · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
LORD
לַֽיהוָ֖הla.Yah.weh
H3068
Jehovah · preposition + proper noun, a title
given
נְתַתִּֽיםne.ta.Tim
H5414
to give · verb, qal perfect, 1st person common singular + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine plural
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Exodus 23:19 The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring into the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother’s mi…
Deuteronomy 18:4 The firstfruit also of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, and the first of the fleece of thy sheep, shalt thou give him.
Exodus 34:26 The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring unto the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother’s mi…
Exodus 22:29 Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me.
Leviticus 2:14 And if thou offer a meat offering of thy firstfruits unto the LORD, thou shalt offer for the meat offering of thy firstfruits green ears of…
Leviticus 23:17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven; the…
Leviticus 23:20 And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs: they shall be holy…
Numbers 15:19-21 Then it shall be, that, when ye eat of the bread of the land, ye shall offer up an heave offering unto the LORD.
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Numbers 18:8-19
The priest's service is called a warfare; and who goes a warfare at his own charges? As they were well employed, so they were well provided for, and well paid. None shall serve God for nought. All believers are spiritual priests, and God has promised to take care of them; they shall dwell in the land, and verily they shall be fed, and shall not want any good thing. Godliness has the promise of the life that now is. And from this plentiful provision here made for the priests the apostle infers that it is the duty of Christian churches to maintain their ministers; those that served at the altar lived upon the altar. So those that preach the gospel should live upon the gospel, and live comforta…
THE PRIESTS' PORTION. (Num 18:8-20)
the Lord spake unto Aaron, Behold, I also have given thee the charge of my heave offerings--A recapitulation is made in this passage of certain perquisites specially appropriated to the maintenance of the priests. They were parts of the votive and freewill offerings, including both meat and bread, wine and oil, and the first-fruits, which formed a large and valuable item.
John Gill on Numbers 18:12
All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat,.... Or the "fat" (i) of them; the fat of anything being the best, see Deuteronomy 32:14,
the firstfruits of them: the oil, and wine, and wheat:
which they shall offer unto the Lord, them have I given thee; this Jarchi calls the great heave offering, the firstfruits of their harvest and vintage, which being offered to the Lord, was given to the priests: the quantity is not fixed, but left to the generosity of the people, and was a free gift; liberal men would give a fortieth part, those of a meaner spirit a fiftieth, and niggardly ones a sixtieth, and less than that was not given See Gill on Exodus 22:29; compare with…
Let us return, then, to the account of the firstfruits, which we said are offered through the angels, which are gathered from the fields of this world. But the fields of the angels are our hearts. Each of them, therefore, from the field which he cultivates, offers firstfruits to God. And if I were worthy today to bring forth some great sense, worthy of the high priest, so that from all these things which we speak and teach there should be something excellent which ought to please the high priest, it might perhaps come to pass that the angel who presides over the church would choose something from all our words and, in place of firstfruits, would offer it to the Lord from the little field of my heart. But I know that I am not worthy, nor am I conscious to myself that any such sense is found in me which the angel who cultivates us would judge worthy to offer for firstfruits or for firstborn to the Lord. And would that what we speak and teach be such that we should not deserve to be condemned for our words; this grace would suffice for us. The angels, therefore, offer firstfruits from us, and each cultivates those whom by his zeal and diligence he has converted from the errors of the nations to God; and each is in the portion or care of this or that angel. And just as from the beginning of this age, when God scattered the sons of Adam, "he set the bounds of the nations according to the number of the angels of God," and each nation was made under this or that angel, but one nation, Israel, was chosen, which was "the portion of the Lord" and "the cord of his inheritance," so I believe that also at the end of this world and the beginning of another age it will come to pass that the Most High will again divide the sons of Adam; and those who could not be so clean of heart as to see God himself and be "the portion of the Lord," may see at least the holy angels and be "according to the number of the angels of God." But blessed is he who shall be worthy in that life to be "the portion of the Lord" and "his people Jacob and the cord of his inheritance, Israel." It is therefore to be desired, as we have said, that each one so advance that he may deserve to be chosen among the firstfruits or firstborn and to be offered to God and to be a part of the Lord. But if less than this, at least that he may deserve to be a part of the holy angels — only that he be not found…
But now let us see how it also receives an allegorical, that is, a spiritual understanding. Let us inquire, therefore, whether anywhere in the Scriptures, besides these things of which we have spoken above, we find firstfruits named; for here he said: "all the firstfruits of oil and wine and grain, the firstfruits of all these which have been offered to God, I have given them to you." I inquire therefore now, where besides these firstfruits may be named. For if all firstfruits pertain to the high priest, then of necessity a high priest also must be sought by us, to whom ought to pertain also those firstfruits which we find set forth in other passages of Scripture. And first of all, indeed, we read it written of the Lord Christ himself that he is "the firstfruits of the dead"; he too, therefore, is in some part firstfruits. And again we find it said by the Apostle of certain persons that they are "the firstfruits of Asia," and others "the firstfruits of Achaia." Whence it follows that throughout the several churches some of the believers — those, however, whom the apostolic spirit has approved — are named firstfruits. Among whom I think is also that Cornelius, who, together with those with whom he merited to receive the Holy Spirit, is deservedly called the firstfruits of the church of Caesarea. And not only of this church, but perhaps Cornelius is to be called the firstfruits of all the nations; for he first believed from among the nations, and was first filled with the Holy Spirit, and therefore he will rightly be called the firstfruits of the nations. But you may perhaps ask who offers these firstfruits to God, or who is the high priest to whose account these fall. I think that, according to the Lord's word, "the field" is here called "this world"; but by "field" is understood not only the earth, but the hearts of men, which field the angels of God have undertaken to cultivate. The fruits of their cultivation they indeed possess and have — namely those who live under stewards and overseers and have not yet come to the height of perfection. But whose hearts have been diligently cultivated and brought to perfection, these, as chosen and outstanding beyond the rest, they offer as firstfruits to the great high priest. Finally, we find that Cornelius himself, before he received from Peter the teaching of the word of God or the grace of baptism, heard from an…
Dictionary and topics
Fat — (Heb. heleb) denotes the richest part of the animal, or the fattest of the flock, in the account of Abel’s sacrifice (Gen. 4:4). It sometimes denotes the best of any production (Gen. 45:18; Num.…
Fruit — A word as used in Scripture denoting produce in general, whether vegetable or animal. The Hebrews divided the fruits of the land into three classes:, (1.) The fruit of the field, “corn-fruit” (Heb.…
Law of Moses — Is the whole body of the Mosaic legislation (1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 23:25; Ezra 3:2). It is called by way of eminence simply “the Law” (Heb. Torah, Deut. 1:5; 4:8, 44; 17:18, 19; 27:3, 8). As a written…
Oil — Only olive oil seems to have been used among the Hebrews. It was used for many purposes: for anointing the body or the hair (Ex. 29:7; 2 Sam. 14:2; Ps. 23:5; 92:10; 104:15; Luke 7:46); in some of the…
Priest — The Heb. kohen, Gr. hierus, Lat. sacerdos, always denote one who offers sacrifices. At first every man was his own priest, and presented his own sacrifices before God. Afterwards that office devolved…
First Fruits · required as an offering — required as an offering
First Fruits, The · To be the very best of their kind — To be the very best of their kind
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
Numbers 18:8-19
8. And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Behold, I also have given thee the charge of mine heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the children of Israel; unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing, and to thy sons, by an ordinance for ever.
8. Loquutus est Jehova ad Aharon, Ecce, ego dedi tibi custodiam oblationum incarum, omnes sanctificationes filiorum Israel dedi tibi propter unctionem, et filiis tuis in statutum perpetuum.
9. This shall be thine of the most holy things, reserved from the fire: every oblation of theirs, every meat offering of theirs, and every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs, which they shall render unto me, sh…
The Revenues of the Priests. - These are summed up in Num 18:8 in these words, "I give thee the keeping of My heave-offerings in all holy gifts for a portion, as an eternal statute." The notion of משׁמרת, keeping, as in Exo 12:6; Exo 16:23, Exo 16:32, is defined in the second parallel clause as משׁחה, a portion (see at Lev 7:35). The priests were to keep all the heave-offerings, as the portion which belonged to them, out of the sacrificial gifts that the children of Israel offered to the Lord. תּרוּמת, heave-offerings (see at Exo 25:2, and Lev 2:9), is used here in the broadest sense, as including all the holy gifts (kodashim, see Lev 21:22) which the Israelites lifted off from their possess…
The most holy offerings were consumed only by Aaron and his sons, the priests set apart to serve in God’s presence (Exod 28:1; 29:44-46). • This portion was a holy offering presented to God, and the priests had to respect it as such (Num 18:10). Other categories of offerings provided food for the priests and their families (18:11-12), but only if they were ceremonially clean.
Rashi on Numbers 18:12
ראשיתם THE FIRST FRUITS OF THEM [WHICH THEY SHALL GIVE UNTO THE LORD; THEM I HAVE GIVEN THEE] — This refers to the “T’rumah Gedolah” (the priest’s portion of the produce which is the first portion to be set aside from the produce; cf. Deuteronomy 18:4).
It will therefore now belong to the wise scribe, instructed concerning the kingdom of God, who knows how "to bring forth from these treasures new things and old," to know how in each and every passage of Scripture he should either utterly reject the letter that kills and seek the spirit that gives life, or altogether confirm and prove the teaching of the letter to be useful and necessary, or, while the history remains, opportunely and fittingly introduce also the mystical sense. Just as in this discourse too, which we have in hand, I think it fitting; for it is fitting and useful that firstfruits be offered also to the priests of the Gospel. For thus the Lord also ordained, that "they who announce the Gospel should live of the Gospel," and "they who serve the altar should partake of the altar." And just as this is worthy and fitting, so on the contrary it is both unfitting and unworthy, nay rather impious, that he who worships God and enters the church of God, who knows that priests and ministers stand by the altar and serve either the word of God or the ministry of the church, should not offer firstfruits to the priests from the fruits of the earth which God gave by bringing forth his sun and ministering his rains. Such a soul does not seem to me to have any memory of God, nor to consider or believe that God gave the fruits which he received; which he stores away as though they were alien from God. For if he believed them given to him by God, he would surely know how, by rewarding the priests, to honor God from his gifts and endowments. And that these things ought to be observed even according to the letter may be taught still more fully by the very words of the Lord, we will add these also. The Lord says in the Gospels: "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites, who tithe" — that is, give tithes — "of mint and cummin and dill, and pass over the weightier matters of the law; hypocrites, these things ought to be done, and those not to be omitted." See then more diligently how the word of the Lord wills that the weightier matters of the law be by all means done, yet that these too, which are designated according to the letter, not be omitted. But if you say that he was saying these things to the Pharisees, not to the disciples, hear him again saying to the disciples: "Unless your righteousness abound more than that of the scribes and Pharisees, you…
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).