Numbers 21:23

And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness: and he came to Jahaz, and fought against Israel.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
Sihon	סִיחֹ֣ן si.Chon	H5511	Sichon · proper noun, a man's name
suffer	נָתַ֨ן na.Tan	H5414	to give · verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ Yis.ra.'El	H3478	Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
pass	עֲבֹ֣ר 'a.Vor	H5674	to cross over · verb, qal infinitive construct
border	בִּגְבֻלוֹ֒ big.vu.Lo	H1366	properly · preposition + noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
Sihon	סִיחֹ֜ן si.Chon	H5511	Sichon · proper noun, a man's name
gathered	וַיֶּאֱסֹ֨ף vai.ye.'e.Sof	H622	to gather for any purpose · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
people	עַמּ֗וֹ a.Mo	H5971	a people (as a congregated unit) · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
together	אָסַף ʼâçaph	H622	to gather for any purpose
out	וַיֵּצֵ֞א vai.ye.Tze'	H3318	to go (causatively · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
against	קִרְאָה qirʼâh	H7125	an encountering
Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ Yis.ra.'El	H3478	Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
wilderness	הַמִּדְבָּ֔רָה ha.mid.Ba.rah	H4057	a pasture (i.e. open field · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute + directional suffix
came	וַיָּבֹ֖א vai.ya.Vo'	H935	to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Jahaz	יָ֑הְצָה Ya.he.tzah	H3096	Jahats or Jahtsah · proper noun, a place name + directional suffix
fought	וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם vai.yi.La.chem	H3898	to feed on · conjunction + verb, niphal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Israel	בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל be.Yis.ra.'El	H3478	Jisrael · preposition + proper noun, a place name

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

Judges 11:20 But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against…
Deuteronomy 29:7-8 And when ye came unto this place, Sihon the king of Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, came out against us unto battle, and we smote them:
Numbers 20:21 Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border: wherefore Israel turned away from him.
Deuteronomy 2:30-32 But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him: for the LORD thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he migh…
Isaiah 15:4 And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh: their voice shall be heard even unto Jahaz: therefore the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out; his life…
Jeremiah 48:34 From the cry of Heshbon even unto Elealeh, and even unto Jahaz, have they uttered their voice, from Zoar even unto Horonaim, as an heifer of…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Numbers 21:21–end

We have here an account of the victories obtained by Israel over Sihon and Og, which must be distinctly considered, not only because they are here distinctly related, but because long afterwards the memorial of them is distinctly celebrated, and they are severally assigned as instances of everlasting mercy. He slew Sihon king of the Amorites, for his mercy endureth for ever, and Og the king of Bashan, for his mercy endureth for ever, Psa 136:19, Psa 136:20. I. Israel sent a peaceable message to Sihon king of the Amorites (Num 21:21), but received an unpeaceable return, worse than that of the Edomites to the like message, Num 20:18, Num 20:20. For the Edomites only refused them a passage, and…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Numbers 21:21

Israel sent messengers unto Sihon--The rejection of their respectful and pacific message was resented--Sihon was discomfited in battle--and Israel obtained by right of conquest the whole of the Amorite dominions.

John Gill on Numbers 21:23

And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border,.... Because he could not trust them, and confide in the promises they made, and thought it not safe to let such a body of people into any part of his dominions, Judges 11:20 and chiefly because his heart was hardened by the Lord, that he might be delivered into the hands of Israel, as was determined, Deuteronomy 2:30, but Sihon gathered all his people together; all that were able to bear arms out of his cities, and which made no doubt a very numerous and powerful army; but then these being defeated, as they were, it became more easy to the Israelites to take their cities, where there were none left but women and children: and we…

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John Calvin on Numbers 21:21-24

Numbers 21:21-32 21. And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, 21. Misit Israel legatos ad Sihon regem AEmorrhaeorum, dicendo: 22. Let me pass through thy land: we will not turn into the fields, or into the vineyards; we will not drink of the waters of the well; but we will go along by the king's high-way, until we be past thy borders. 22. Transeam per terram tuam: non declinabimus per agros, neque per vineam: non bibemus aquas puteorum, via regia pergemus, donec transierimus terminum tuum. 23. And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border; but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness: and he came t…

Dictionary and topics

Heshbon — Intelligence, a city ruled over by Sihon, king of the Amorites (Josh. 3:10; 13:17). It was taken by Moses (Num. 21:23-26), and became afterwards a Levitical city (Josh. 21:39) in the tribe of Reuben…
Jahaz — Trodden down (called also Jahaza, Josh. 13:18; Jahazah, 21:36; Jahzah, 1 Chr. 6:78), a town where Sihon was defeated, in the borders of Moab and in the land of the Ammonites beyond Jordan, and north…
Jahaz, Also Jahaza, Jahazah And Juhzah — (trodden down). Under these four forms is given in the Authorized Version the name of a place which in the Hebrew appears as Yahats and Yahtsah . At Jahaz the decisive battle was fought between the…
Sihon — Striking down. The whole country on the east of Jordan, from the Arnon to the Jabbok, was possessed by the Amorites, whose king, Sihon, refused to permit the Israelites to pass through his territory,…
Wars of the Lord, The Book of the — (Num. 21:14, 15), some unknown book so called (comp. Gen. 14:14-16; Ex. 17:8-16; Num. 14:40-45; 21:1-3, 21-25, 33-35; 31. The wars here recorded might be thus designated).
Amorites · Conquest of — Conquest of
Amorites, The · Refused a passage to Israel — Refused a passage to Israel
Armies · Often consisted of the whole effective strength of nations — Often consisted of the whole effective strength of nations
Desert, Journey Of Israel Through The · The Amorites refuse a passage to Israel — The Amorites refuse a passage to Israel
Inhospitableness · Sihon — Sihon
Jahaz · Sihon

Numbers 21:23

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Numbers 21:21–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Numbers 21:21

John Gill on Numbers 21:23

John Calvin on Numbers 21:21-24

Dictionary and topics

Numbers 21:23

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Numbers 21:21–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Numbers 21:21

John Gill on Numbers 21:23

John Calvin on Numbers 21:21-24

Dictionary and topics

Keil & Delitzsch on Numbers 21:21–end

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Numbers 21:21-35

Rashi on Numbers 21:23