to liken · definite article + verb, qal active participle, masculine plural absolute
say
יֹאמְר֥וּyo.me.Ru
H559
to say (used with great latitude) · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
Come
בֹּ֣אוּBo.'u
H935
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) · verb, qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural
Heshbon
חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹןchesh.Bon
H2809
Cheshbon · proper noun, a place name
city
עִ֥יר'ir
H5892
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the wi… · noun, common feminine singular construct
Sihon
סִיחֽוֹןsi.Chon
H5511
Sichon · proper noun, a man's name
built
תִּבָּנֶ֥הti.ba.Neh
H1129
to build (literally and figuratively) · verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular
prepared
וְתִכּוֹנֵ֖ןve.ti.ko.Nen
H3559
properly · conjunction + verb, hithpael, 3rd person feminine singular
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Numbers 21:14 Wherefore it is said in the book of the wars of the LORD, What he did in the Red sea, and in the brooks of Arnon,
Isaiah 14:4 That thou shalt take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say, How hath the oppressor ceased! the golden city ceased!
Habakkuk 2:6 Shall not all these take up a parable against him, and a taunting proverb against him, and say, Woe to him that increaseth that which is not…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Numbers 21:21–end
We have here an account of the victories obtained by Israel over Sihon and Og, which must be distinctly considered, not only because they are here distinctly related, but because long afterwards the memorial of them is distinctly celebrated, and they are severally assigned as instances of everlasting mercy. He slew Sihon king of the Amorites, for his mercy endureth for ever, and Og the king of Bashan, for his mercy endureth for ever, Psa 136:19, Psa 136:20.
I. Israel sent a peaceable message to Sihon king of the Amorites (Num 21:21), but received an unpeaceable return, worse than that of the Edomites to the like message, Num 20:18, Num 20:20. For the Edomites only refused them a passage, and…
Wherefore they that speak in proverbs--Here is given an extract from an Amorite song exultingly anticipating an extension of their conquests to Arnon. The quotation from the poem of the Amorite bard ends at Num 21:28. The two following verses appear to be the strains in which the Israelites expose the impotence of the usurpers.
John Gill on Numbers 21:27
Wherefore they that speak in proverbs say,.... The historical writers of those times, among the Amorites, who were usually poets, and wrote the history of the wars between the Moabites and Amorites in verse; as Homer among the Greeks wrote the wars of Troy; and the compositions of those ancient bards were short and compendious, and wrapped up in proverbial sayings, and enigmatical and figurative expressions, that they might be the better retained in memory, and therefore were called proverbialists. Jarchi says, they were Balaam and Beor that took up their parables, and said:
come into Heshbon; which words are the beginning of the song, and in which the Amorites are represented as inviting S…
Numbers 21:25
And Israel took all these cities. As if speaking of something present, he uses the demonstrative pronoun, and says, "these cities," just as if he were pointing them out to the eyes of his readers. The word which we have rendered "towns" (oppida,) [130] others translate "country-houses" (villas,) or "hamlets" (viculos.) In the Hebrew, Moses calls by the name of "daughters" all the villages and lesser towns, whose mother-city (metropolis) was Heshbon. By these words, however, Moses indicates that, by the right of war, all these places had fallen into the hands of the Israelites, as the lot of their inheritance; for, as I have lately said, God had not yet openly declared that the…
The Church Fathers
But after a few words it is reported concerning that very city: "For this reason," he says, "the riddlers shall say: come into Heshbon, that the city of Sihon may be built and constructed; for fire went forth from Heshbon and a flame from the city of Sihon, and it devoured as far as Moab." Sihon, as we said, was the king, whose city was Heshbon. Thus, then, the order of the words is to be understood, that these riddlers say: come, that Heshbon, which was the city of Sihon, may be built and constructed. But let us now inquire who these riddlers are. A riddle is a figured saying; riddlers therefore are those who speak figuratively. And who else is there who has spoken in figures except the law and the prophets? For hear how David says: "I will open my mouth in parables, I will utter propositions from the beginning." But Isaiah too, that the things he wrote are riddles, declares in this manner: "and the words of this book shall be," he says, "like the words of a sealed book; which if they give into the hands of a man who does not know letters and say to him: read, he will say: I do not know letters. But if they give it to one who knows letters, he will say: I cannot read, for it is sealed." Now the book is called sealed for the reason that it is entangled with figures and wrapped up in riddles. These riddlers, then, say: come into Heshbon, that it may be built. That first Heshbon fell, or rather was overturned and burned; another is to be rebuilt. But how this is done, let us show by taking up an example. If you see a Gentile placed in the disgrace of life and in the error of religion, do not hesitate to say of him that here is the city of Heshbon in the kingdom of King Sihon; for the barren and lofty king reigns in his thoughts. If Israel—that is, a son of the Church—approaches this man and applies the darts of the word of God and unsheathes against him the sword of the spirit, and destroys in him all the fortifications of Gentile teachings and burns up the loftinesses of his arguments with the fire of truth, say of this man that the city of Heshbon of Sihon is overthrown. But this man, in whom the teachings of the Gentiles are overthrown, is not straightway left deserted and abandoned. For it is not the discipline of the sons of Israel to leave in ruins the cities that they have destroyed; but when they have undermined and overturned in a man his evil…
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).
Dictionary and topics
Moabite — The designation of a tribe descended from Moab, the son of Lot (Gen. 19:37). From Zoar, the cradle of this tribe, on the south-eastern border of the Dead Sea, they gradually spread over the region on…
Moses — Drawn (or Egypt. mesu, “son;” hence Rameses, royal son). On the invitation of Pharaoh (Gen. 45:17-25), Jacob and his sons went down into Egypt. This immigration took place probably about 350 years…
Sihon — Striking down. The whole country on the east of Jordan, from the Arnon to the Jabbok, was possessed by the Amorites, whose king, Sihon, refused to permit the Israelites to pass through his territory,…
Amorites · Conquest of — Conquest of
Amorites, The · Deprived of their eastern territory by Israel — Deprived of their eastern territory by Israel
Ar · General references — General references
Desert, Journey Of Israel Through The · Sihon conquered — Sihon conquered
Heshbon · Of the Amorites — Of the Amorites
Sihon · Moabites — Moabites
Song · War — War
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
Defeat of the Amorite Kings, Sihon of Heshbon and Og of Bashan, and Conquest of their Kingdoms.
Num 21:21-23
When the Israelites reached the eastern border of the kingdom of the Amorite king Sihon (see at Num 21:13), they sent messengers to him, as they had previously done to the king of Edom, to ask permission to pass peaceably through his territory upon the high road (cf. Num 21:22 and Num 20:17); and Sihon refused this request, just as the king of Edom had done, and marched with all his people against the Israelites. But whereas the Lord forbade the Israelites to make war upon their kinsmen the Edomites, He now commanded them to make war upon the Amorite king, and take possession of his l…
This ancient ballad was apparently an old Amorite song focusing on the exploits of King Sihon. Other interpreters assume that Israelite balladeers created it as a taunt song to ridicule Sihon’s defeat and celebrate Israel’s victory. The logical flow of thought from 21:26 to 21:27 would favor the former interpretation, with Israel applying the song to their own victory: Sihon and the Amorites had defeated Moab; now Israel had defeated them! Cp. Judg 11:12-28.
Rashi on Numbers 21:27
על כן (more lit., about this) — about this war which Sihon waged against Moab,
יאמרו המשלים THEY THAT SPEAK IN PARABLES SAY — One of these was Balaam of whom it is said, (Numbers 23:7), "And he took up his parable”.
המשלים THEY THAT SPEAK IN PARABLES — The plural המשלים refers to Balaam and his father Beor (see Rashi on Numbers 24:3). They said —
באו חשבון “COME TO HESHBON”, — For Sihon had been unable to capture it, and he went and hired Balaam to curse it, and this is the meaning of what Balak said, (Numbers 22:6) “For I know (by what has already happened) that whomsoever thou blessest is blessed, [and whomsoever thou cursest is cursed]” (Midrash Tanchuma, Chukat 24).
תבנה ותכונן IT WI…