properly · verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
dust
עֲפַ֣ר'a.Far
H6083
dust (as powdered or gray) · noun, common masculine singular construct
Jacob
יַעֲקֹ֔בya.'a.Ko
H3290
Jaakob · proper noun, a man's name
number
וּמִסְפָּ֖רu.mis.Par
H4557
a number · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular absolute
fourth
רֹ֣בַעRoa'
H7255
a quarter · noun, common masculine singular construct
Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לYis.ra.'El
H3478
Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
die
תָּמֹ֤תta.Mot
H4191
to die (literally or figuratively) · verb, qal jussive, 3rd person feminine singular
death
מ֣וֹתMot
H4194
death (natural or violent) · noun, common masculine singular construct
righteous
יְשָׁרִ֔יםye.sha.Rim
H3477
straight (literally or figuratively) · adjective, masculine plural absolute
last
אַחֲרִיתִ֖י'a.cha.ri.Ti
H319
the last or end · noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Genesis 13:16 And I will make thy seed as the dust of the earth: so that if a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be numbered.
Psalms 37:37 Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright: for the end of that man is peace.
Psalms 116:15 Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints.
Revelation 14:13 And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, th…
Genesis 22:17 That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon th…
Isaiah 57:1-2 The righteous perisheth, and no man layeth it to heart: and merciful men are taken away, none considering that the righteous is taken away f…
2 Corinthians 5:1 For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in…
2 Timothy 4:6-8 For I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is at hand.
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Numbers 23:1-12
Here is, I. Great preparation made for the cursing of Israel. That which was aimed at was to engage the God of Israel to forsake them, and either to be on Moab's side or to stand neuter. O the sottishness of superstition, to imagine that God will be at men's beck! Balaam and Balak think to bribe him with altars and sacrifices, offered without any warrant or institution of his: as if he would eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats. Ridiculous nonsense, to think that these would please God, and gain his favour, when there could be in them no exercise either of faith or obedience! Yet, it should seem, they offered these sacrifices to the God of heaven the supreme Numen - Divinity, a…
Who can count the dust of Jacob?--an Oriental hyperbole for a very populous nation, as Jacob's posterity was promised to be (Gen 13:16; Gen 28:14).
the number of the fourth part of Israel--that is, the camp consisted of four divisions; every one of these parts was formidable in numbers.
Let me die the death of the righteous--Hebrew, "of Jeshurun"; or, the Israelites. The meaning is: they are a people happy, above all others, not only in life, but at death, from their knowledge of the true God, and their hope through His grace. Balaam is a representative of a large class in the world, who express a wish for the blessedness which Christ has promised to His people but are averse to imitate…
Who can count, the dust of Jacob,.... The people of Israel, their posterity so called, not because of their original, the dust of the earth, but because of their numbers, being as numerous as the dust of the earth, or sand of the sea, as it was promised they should be, Genesis 28:14 and which is here confirmed by the prophecy of Balaam:
and the number of the fourth part of Israel; one of the four camps of Israel, as the Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan; for this people was divided into four camps, under so many standards, which were those of Judah, Reuben, Ephraim, and Dan, see Numbers 2:1, and one of them is represented by Balaam as so numerous, as not to be counted, or should be so, see Ho…
The Church Fathers
The soul is in a certain sense mortal — and blessed, if it dies for sin. It was precisely of this death that Balaam spoke, when he prophesied, praying in the Divine Spirit: "May my soul die among the souls of the righteous." It was precisely of this death that Balaam prophesied wondrously, and in a word that came from God, wished for himself the most beautiful thing, for he wished to die for sin, in order to live for God. And therefore he said: "May my soul die the death of the righteous, and may my seed be as their seed!"
You have caused me, my brother, not to fear death, and I only would that my life might die with yours! This Balaam wished for as the greatest good for himself, when, inspired by the spirit of prophecy, he said, "Let my soul die in the souls of the righteous, and let my seed be like the seed of them." And in truth he wished this according to the spirit of prophecy, for as he saw the rising of Christ, so also he saw his triumph; he saw his death but saw also in him the everlasting resurrection of humanity and therefore feared not to die as he was to rise again. Let not then my soul die in sin or admit sin into itself, but let it die in the soul of the righteous, that it may receive his righteousness. Then too, he who dies in Christ is made a partaker of his grace in the font.
"Who shall search out the seed of Jacob, and who shall number the peoples of Israel?" This is like that which is written: "God led Abraham outside and said to him: Look up to heaven and number the stars, if you can number them. And he said: So shall your seed be." "And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him for righteousness." But Abraham indeed, and any other of men, or even of angels, and perhaps also of the higher powers, could not number the stars, nor the seed of Abraham, concerning which it is written: "So shall your seed be"; but God, concerning whom it is written: "who numbers the multitude of the stars, and calls them all by names," and who said: "I have given command to all the stars," is able to search out the seed of Jacob and to number the peoples of Israel. For he alone knows who is truly Jacob and who is truly Israel. For he does not look to him who is a Jew openly, nor to that circumcision which is openly in the flesh, but he sees him who is a Jew in secret, and who is circumcised in heart, not in flesh. He alone, then, is the one who can number and search out, and he, according to his ineffable and incomprehensible wisdom, in accordance with that heavenly pattern which he alone can know, has appointed also these numbers which we have in hand; in which he commanded that, according to their kindreds, according to the houses of their families, by name every male be numbered head by head from twenty years and upward, everyone who goes forth in the host of Israel, and there is gathered a certain sacred number of them, concerning which we have already spoken above, as the Lord granted. But this number is sacred and pleasing to God only then, when it is numbered at his own command. But if anyone should wish to number contrary to the commandment of the Lord, though he be David, though a great prophet, he acts against the law and is reproved through the prophet and suffers those things which we read written in the second book of Kingdoms. He alone, then, who numbers the multitude of the stars and who has brought forth all things by measure and number and weight, searches out the seed of Jacob and numbers the peoples of Israel.
Dictionary and topics
Death Of Saints, The · The wicked wish theirs to resemble — The wicked wish theirs to resemble
Righteousness · The wicked: Vainly wish to die as those who follow — The wicked: Vainly wish to die as those who follow
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
Who can count the dust of Jacob? Hence it is plain that what Balaam was to say was suggested to him by God, since he quotes the words of God's solemn promise, wherein the seed of Abraham is compared to the dust of the earth. Still, we must bear in mind what I have just adverted to, that, although that multitude was reduced to a small number by the sin of the people, nevertheless this was not declared in vain, inasmuch as that little body at length expanded itself so as to fill the whole world. Speaking by hyperbole, then, he says that their offspring would be infinite, since the fourth part will be almost innumerable. His aspiration at the conclusion is more emphatic than a simple affirmatio…
Balaam's first saying. - Having come back to the burnt-offering, Balaam commenced his utterance before the king and the assembled princes. משׁל, lit., a simile, then a proverb, because the latter consists of comparisons and figures, and lastly a sentence or saying. The application of this term to the announcements made by Balaam (Num 23:7, Num 23:18, Num 24:3, Num 24:15, Num 24:20), whereas it is never used of the prophecies of the true prophets of Jehovah, but only of certain songs and similes inserted in them (cf. Isa 14:4; Eze 17:2; Eze 24:3; Mic 2:4), is to be accounted for not merely from the poetic form of Balaam's utterances, the predominance of poetical imagery, the sustained paralle…
In his first oracle from God (23:5, 16), Balaam rehearsed the circumstances that brought him to Moab, emphasized God’s special relation with Israel, and declared his intention of protecting them from harm. • These poetic oracles illustrate the parallelism of Hebrew poetry. Parallel lines reinforce the content by repeating important concepts in a highly structured pattern. • Aram: Aram-naharaim (Gen 24:10) is another name for North Mesopotamia, where Balaam’s home of Pethor was located (Num 22:5). • The eastern hills are a line of mountains in North Syria.
23:7-8 Instead of cursing Israel, the seer noted their special status (cp. Exod 19:5-6; Deut 7:6-9) and observed that God’s blessing had…
מי מנה עפר יעקב וגו׳ WHO HATH COUNTED THE DUST OF JACOB [AND THE NUMBER OF THE FOURTH PART OF ISRAEL] — Understand this as the Targum does: [who has counted] the infants of the house of Jacob, who are compared to the dust of the earth (Genesis 13:16). The words מארבע משריתא in the Targum mean; [who can count … even one] of the four (רבע “a fourth”) banners (companies of the tribes). — Another explanation of עפר יעקב is: Countless are the commandments which they practise in connection with dust: (Deuteronomy 22:10) “Thou shalt not plough with an ox and an ass [together]”; (Leviticus 19:19): “Thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seeds”. There are also the ashes of the red cow (Number…