Numbers 24:8 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Numbers 24:8
God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows.
strength · noun, common masculine singular absolute
forth
מוֹצִיא֣וֹmo.tzi.'O
H3318
to go (causatively · verb, hiphil active participle, masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
Egypt
מִמִּצְרַ֔יִםmi.mitz.Ra.yim
H4714
Mitsrajim · preposition + proper noun, a place name
strength
כְּתוֹעֲפֹ֥תke.to.'a.Fot
H8443
(only in plural collective) weariness · preposition + noun, common feminine plural construct
unicorn
רְאֵ֖םre.'Em
H7214
a wild bull (from its conspicuousness) · noun, common masculine singular absolute
up
יֹאכַ֞לyo.Khal
H398
to eat (literally or figuratively) · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
nations
גּוֹיִ֣םgo.Yim
H1471
a foreign nation · noun, common masculine plural absolute
enemies
צָרָ֗יוtza.Rav
H6862
narrow · noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
break
יְגָרֵ֖םye.ga.Rem
H1633
(causative) to bone · verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
bones
וְעַצְמֹתֵיהֶ֛םve.'atz.mo.tei.Hem
H6106
a bone (as strong) · conjunction + noun, common feminine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine plural
pierce
יִמְחָֽץyim.Chatz
H4272
to dash asunder · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
arrows
וְחִצָּ֥יוve.chi.Tzav
H2671
properly · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Psalms 45:5 Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the king’s enemies; whereby the people fall under thee.
Numbers 14:9 Only rebel not ye against the LORD, neither fear ye the people of the land; for they are bread for us: their defence is departed from them,…
Numbers 23:22 God brought them out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn.
Numbers 23:24 Behold, the people shall rise up as a great lion, and lift up himself as a young lion: he shall not lie down until he eat of the prey, and d…
Psalms 2:9 Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.
Jeremiah 50:17 Israel is a scattered sheep; the lions have driven him away: first the king of Assyria hath devoured him; and last this Nebuchadrezzar king…
Isaiah 38:13 I reckoned till morning, that, as a lion, so will he break all my bones: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me.
Jeremiah 50:9 For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselve…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Numbers 24:1-9
The blessing itself which Balaam here pronounces upon Israel is much the same with the two we had in the foregoing chapter; but the introduction to it is different.
I. The method of proceeding here varies much in several instances. 1. Balaam laid aside the enchantments which he had hitherto depended on, used no spells, or charms, or magic arts, finding they did him no service; it was to no purpose to deal with the devil for a curse, when it was plain that God was determined immovably to bless, Num 24:1. Sooner or later God will convince men of their folly in seeking after lying vanities, which cannot profit. To what purpose should he seek for enchantment? He knew that God was out of the reac…
his king shall be higher than Agag--The Amalekites were then the most powerful of all the desert tribes, and "Agag" a title common to their kings.
John Gill on Numbers 24:8
God brought him forth out of Egypt, he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn,.... Here he repeats what he had said in a former prophecy; see Gill on Numbers 23:22, he shall eat up the nations his enemies: the seven nations of Canaan, which should be subdued by Israel, and that with as much ease as a lion devours its prey; nor would the Canaanites be able to make any more resistance to them than a creature in the paws of a lion; and the phrase denotes the utter destruction of them:
and shall break their bones; as the lion breaks the bones of such creatures that fall a prey to him; signifying that all their strength should be taken from them, their mighty men slain, and their fortified c…
And his king shall be higher than Agag. He now begins to enlarge on their outward prosperity, viz., that the people of Israel shall be powerful and flourishing, and endowed with a warlike spirit to resist the assaults of their enemies; for it would not be sufficient that they should abound with all blessings, unless the ability to defend them should also be superadded. It is by no means a probable conjecture that he speaks of Saul who made prisoner of their king, Agag, in the battle with the Amalekites; but their opinion is the more correct one, who suppose that this was a name common to all the kings of that nation. It was, therefore, God's intention to declare the superiority of His chosen…
The Church Fathers
The oracle in the previously quoted prophecy, in saying that the Lord would come into Egypt, foretold the journey of our Lord Jesus Christ when he went into Egypt with his parents. Here we have the prophecy of his return from Egypt in its natural order, when he came back with his parents into the land of Israel, in the words "God led him out of Egypt." For our Lord and Savior Jesus, the Christ of God, was the only one of the seed of Israel and of the Jewish race who has rule over many nations, so that it is indisputable that he is the fulfillment of the prophecy which says, literally, "that a man will come from the Jewish race and rule over many nations." If he is not, let him who will suggest some other famous man among the Hebrews who has ruled over many nations. But this he cannot do, for such a man never existed. But with regard to our Savior, truth itself will shout and cry aloud, even if we say nothing. This shows plainly that his divine power has ruled, through the human he took of the seed of Israel according to the flesh, and even now will rule many nations.
After these things it is further written concerning Christ that: "God led him out of Egypt," which seems to be fulfilled in that place where, after the death of Herod, he is called back from Egypt, and the Gospel indicates it, saying: "Out of Egypt I called my son." This saying seems to some to have been taken from this passage and inserted into the Gospels, but to others to be from the prophet Hosea. Yet it can also be understood according to allegory, that, after he came to the Egypt of this world, the Father led him out and took him up to himself, so that he might make a way for those who were to ascend out of the Egypt of this world to God. "And the glory of a unicorn is his." For Christ, casting down all the kingdoms of the demons, founded his one kingdom in glory, as of a true unicorn. For that horn is often named for a kingdom we have taught. "He shall eat," he says, speaking still of the same one, "the nations of his enemies, and shall gnaw out their marrow." The nations, he says, which his enemies possessed, he himself shall eat, the power of the enemy having been destroyed, and shall gnaw out their marrow, when he thins out from them all gross and carnal understanding and converts it to spiritual intelligence. And that grossness is held blameworthy in the Scriptures, that which is written will be the sign: "The heart of this people has been made gross," and elsewhere: "He was filled, and grew gross, and the beloved kicked back." He shall eat the nations, therefore, and he has for food those who believe in him, just as he himself also says in the Gospel: "My food is to do the will of him who sent me." Whose will indeed was this, that the nations should be converted to the faith. But if, as we taught above, grossness is held blameworthy, on the contrary fineness is to be held praiseworthy, since the "spirit of wisdom" too, which is called intelligible and holy and only-begotten and manifold, is likewise reported to be subtle. "And with his darts he shall shoot the enemy." His darts are his words, by which he either conquered the devil or overcomes and transfixes even now all his enemies and those who contradict him; for everyone who sins is his enemy, while he sins. But if he hears the words of God and, recognizing his sins, is transfixed by them and pierced with compunction and turns to repentance, having been bored through by the word of truth, he…
Dictionary and topics
Balaam — Lord of the people; foreigner or glutton, as interpreted by others, the son of Beor, was a man of some rank among the Midianites (Num. 31:8; comp. 16). He resided at Pethor (Deut. 23:4), in…
Arrow · FIGURATIVE — FIGURATIVE
Arrows · Discharged: With great force — Discharged: With great force
Balaam · A prophet — A prophet
Prophecy · Gift of, sometimes possessed by unconverted men — Gift of, sometimes possessed by unconverted men
Unicorn · Illustrative: Of God as the strength of Israel — Illustrative: Of God as the strength of Israel
Unicorn (Wild Ox, R. V.) · Great strength of — Great strength of
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
In Num 24:8 and Num 24:9, Balaam proclaims still further: "God leads him out of Egypt; his strength is as that of a buffalo: he will devour nations his enemies, and crush their bones, and dash them in pieces with his arrows. He has encamped, he lies down like a lion, and like a lioness: who can drive him up? Blessed be they who bless thee, and cursed they who curse thee!" The fulness of power that dwelt in the people of Israel was apparent in the force and prowess with which their God brought them out of Egypt. This fact Balaam repeats from the previous saying (Num 23:22), for the purpose of linking on to it the still further announcement of the manner in which the power of the nation would…
24:7b-9 God’s blessing would enable the Israelites to overcome their enemies (see 24:15-24). • Agag was an Amalekite king defeated by Saul (1 Sam 15:7-9, 32-33). The Amalekites, a desert people, were traditional enemies of the Hebrews (cp. Num 14:45; Exod 17:8-16), and it is likely that Agag was the traditional designation for their king. Since God brought Israel out of Egypt, he fought on their behalf, like a warrior and like a wild animal (ox and lion; Num 24:8-9). • Blessed . . . cursed: See Gen 12:3; 27:29.
Rashi on Numbers 24:8
אל מוציאו ממצרים GOD WHO BROUGHT THEM OUT OF EGYPT — Who was the cause of all this greatness? God who brought them out from Egypt; by his strength and his sublimity HE EATS UP (יאכל) THE NATIONS (גוים) who are (צריו) HIS ADVERSARIES.
ועצמתיהם AND THEIR BONES — those of the adversaries.
יגרם — Menachem ben Seruk explained it in the sense of “breaking to pieces”, similar to, (Zephaniah 3:3) “who have not broken to pieces (גרמו) in the morning”, and similar to, (Ezekiel 23:34) “and thou shalt crunch (תגרמי) the sherds thereof”. I, however, say that it has the meaning of “bone” (גרם in Aramaic corresponds to Hebrew עצם) — it means that one pulls away the flesh with his teeth from around the bo…