Numbers 27:8 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Numbers 27:8
And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a man die, and have no son, then ye shall cause his inheritance to pass unto his daughter.
perhaps properly · verb, piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular
children
בְּנֵ֥יbe.Nei
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'El
H3478
Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
saying
לֵאמֹ֑רle.Mor
H559
to say (used with great latitude) · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
man
אִ֣ישׁ'ish
H376
a man as an individual or a male person · noun, common masculine singular absolute
die
יָמ֗וּתya.Mut
H4191
to die (literally or figuratively) · verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
son
וּבֵן֙u.Ven
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular absolute
inheritance
נַחֲלָת֖וֹna.cha.la.To
H5159
properly · noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
pass
וְהַֽעֲבַרְתֶּ֥םve.ha.'a.var.Tem
H5674
to cross over · conjunction + verb, hiphil sequential perfect, 2nd person masculine plural
daughter
לְבִתּֽוֹle.vi.To
H1323
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms… · preposition + noun, common feminine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Numbers 27:1-11
Mention is made of the case of these daughters of Zelophehad in the chapter before, v. 33. It should seem, by the particular notice taken of it, that it was a singular case, and that the like did not at this time occur in all Israel, that the head of a family had no sons, but daughters only. Their case is again debated (Num 36:1-13) upon another article of it; and, according to the judgments given in their case, we find them put in possession, Jos 17:3, Jos 17:4. One would suppose that their personal character was such as added weight to their case, and caused it to be so often taken notice of.
Here is, I. Their case stated by themselves, and their petition upon it presented to the highest c…
Give unto us a possession among the brethren of our father--Those young women perceived that the males only in families had been registered in the census. Because there were none in their household, their family was omitted. So they made known their grievance to Moses, and the authorities conjoined with him in administering justice. The case was important; and as the peculiarity of daughters being the sole members of a family would be no infrequent or uncommon occurrence, the law of inheritance, under divine authority, was extended not only to meet all similar cases, but other cases also--such as when there were no children left by the proprietor, and no brothers to succeed him. A distributi…
And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel,.... The above affair occasioned a law to be made, in which all the people would have a concern, among whom such cases should happen, as after related:
saying, if a man die, and have no son, then ye shall cause his inheritance to pass unto his daughter; as in the above case of the daughters of Zelophehad; what was determined as to their particular case was made into a general law.
John Calvin on Numbers 27:1-11
The Church Fathers
After this the law of God concerning succession is set down, that first the son, second in place the daughter, third the brother, fourth the father's brother should succeed; but the fifth degree does not designate any definite person, but whoever is nearer out of the whole family, that he should succeed. In these things the sense of the history is so whole and perfect that it seems to require nothing from outside. Yet if anyone is well instructed in the spiritual laws and irradiated with the fuller light of knowledge, he can understand these various degrees of successions, and how the first degree of attaining the heavenly inheritance is by the merit of teaching and knowledge, which is the male son; the second by the prerogative of works, which is the daughter; the third of some compassion and imitation, on account of which he is named a brother. For there are some who indeed do nothing of their own accord and by their own understanding, yet placed among the brothers by imitation of the rest they seem to do the same things which those also do who are moved by their own understanding. To these also, therefore, is given a third degree of inheritance under the title of the fraternal name. But the fourth, whom he names the father's brother, can perhaps be understood as that order of men who, having heard things from the fathers and having received the narration of the ancients, endeavor to fulfill them, and, moved not so much by their own perceptions nor stirred by the admonitions of present teaching as instructed by the tradition or the custom alone of the ancients, nevertheless do something good. The last degree, then, is written as that man who by any means whatever has been nearest to these; as if he should say, whether by occasion or by the truth of teaching, if anyone has done something good, the reward of the good work will not perish, but by the Lord's bounty he will receive a place of inheritance. These things, indeed, may perhaps seem to have been boldly presumed by us and brought forward into the open; yet it will not be absurd if, setting forth spiritual things to the spiritual, we make them zealous and desirous of a more secret understanding.
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).
Dictionary and topics
Children — The blessing of offspring, but especially of the male sex, is highly valued among all eastern nations, while a the absence is regarded as one of the severest punishments. (Genesis 16:2; 7:14; 1…
Heir — Under the patriarchs the property of a father was divided among the sons of his legitimate wives (Gen. 21:10; 24:36; 25:5), the eldest son getting a larger portion than the rest. The Mosaic law made…
Law of Moses — Is the whole body of the Mosaic legislation (1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 23:25; Ezra 3:2). It is called by way of eminence simply “the Law” (Heb. Torah, Deut. 1:5; 4:8, 44; 17:18, 19; 27:3, 8). As a written…
Mahlah — Disease, one of the five daughters of Zelophehad (Num. 27:1-11) who had their father’s inheritance, the law of inheritance having been altered in their favour.
Zelophehad — First-born, of the tribe of Manasseh, and of the family of Gilead; died in the wilderness. Having left no sons, his daughters, concerned lest their father’s name should be “done away from among his…
Children · Female: Inherited property in default of sons — Female: Inherited property in default of sons
Daughter · Property rights of — Property rights of
Desert, Journey Of Israel Through The · The law of female inheritance settled — The law of female inheritance settled
Heir · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Inheritance · UNCLASSIFIED SCRIPTURES RELATING TO — UNCLASSIFIED SCRIPTURES RELATING TO
Land · Unmarried woman’s rights in — Unmarried woman’s rights in
Numbers 27:1-11
1. Then came the daughters of Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of Manasseh the son of Joseph: and these are the names of his daughters, Mahlah, Noah, and Hoglah, and Milcah, and Tirzah.
1. Accesserunt autem filiae Salphaad, filii Hepher, filii Galaad, filii Machir, filii Manasse de familiis Manasse, filii Joseph: haec vero sunt nomina filiarum ejus, Malhah, Noah, Hoglah, et Milchah, et Thirsah.
2. And they stood before Moses, and before Eleazar the priest, and before the princes and all the congregation, by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, saying,
2. Hac steterunt coram Mose et coram…
On this occasion God issued a general law of inheritance, which was to apply to all cases as "a statute of judgment" (or right), i.e., a statute determining right. If any one died without leaving a son, his landed property was to pass to his daughter (or daughters); in default of daughters, to his brothers; in the absence of brothers, to his paternal uncles; and if there were none of them, to his next of kin. - On the intention of this law, see my Archaeol. 142 (ii. pp. 212, 213); and on the law of inheritance generally, see J. Selden, de success. ad leges Hebr. in bona defunctorum, Fkft. a. O. 1695.
Tyndale Open Study Notes on Numbers 27:5-11
Moses took their case before the Lord, who accepted the women’s appeal and established their case as a principle in order to preserve property within families.
Rashi on Numbers 27:7
כן בנות צלפחד דברת THE DAUGHTERS OF ZELOPHEHAD SPEAK RIGHT — Understand the word כן as the Targum does: יאות rightly, properly. God said: Exactly so is this chapter written before me on High (The Law has long since been fixed) (Sifrei Bamidbar 134:1). This tells us that their eye saw what Moses’ eye did not see. (They had a finer perception of what was just in the law of inheritance than Moses had.) (cf. Midrash Tanchuma, Pinchas 8).
כן בנות צלפחד דברת — “They have made a fair claim”. Happy is the person with whose words the Holy One, blessed be He, agrees (Sifrei Bamidbar 134:1).
נתן תתן lit., GIVING THOU SHALT GIVE [A POSSESSION OF AN INHERITANCE AMONGST THEIR FATHER’S BRETHREN] — This s…
Theocracy, The, Or Immediate Government By God · Consisted in his: Being the supreme judge — Consisted in his: Being the supreme judge
Tirzah · .Special legislation in regard to the inheritance of — .Special legislation in regard to the inheritance of
Woman · Young: Inherited parents’ property when there was no male heir — Young: Inherited parents’ property when there was no male heir
Zelophehad · His daughters petition for his inheritance — His daughters petition for his inheritance
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).