Numbers 29:12 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Numbers 29:12
And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work, and ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days:
the new moon · preposition with the article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
holy
קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ko.desh
H6944
a sacred place or thing · noun, common masculine singular absolute
convocation
מִֽקְרָאmik.ra'-
H4744
something called out · noun, common masculine singular construct
do
תַעֲשׂ֑וּta.'a.Su
H6213
to do or make · verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural
servile
עֲבֹדָ֖ה'a.vo.Dah
H5656
work of any kind · noun, common feminine singular absolute
work
מְלֶ֥אכֶתme.Le.khet
H4399
properly · noun, common feminine singular construct
keep
וְחַגֹּתֶ֥םve.cha.go.Tem
H2287
properly · conjunction + verb, qal sequential perfect, 2nd person masculine plural
feast
חַ֛גchag
H2282
a festival · noun, common masculine singular absolute
LORD
לַיהוָ֖הla.Yah.weh
H3068
Jehovah · preposition + proper noun, a title
seven
שִׁבְעַ֥תshiv.'At
H7651
seven (as the sacred full one) · cardinal number, both genders singular construct
days
יָמִֽיםya.Mim
H3117
a day (as the warm hours) · noun, common masculine plural absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Deuteronomy 16:13-14 Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days, after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine:
Exodus 23:16 And the feast of harvest, the firstfruits of thy labours, which thou hast sown in the field: and the feast of ingathering, which is in the e…
Exodus 34:22 And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks, of the firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the year’s end.
Nehemiah 8:14 And they found written in the law which the LORD had commanded by Moses, that the children of Israel should dwell in booths in the feast of…
Nehemiah 8:18 Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in the book of the law of God. And they kept the feast seven days; and on the…
Ezekiel 45:25 In the seventh month, in the fifteenth day of the month, shall he do the like in the feast of the seven days, according to the sin offering,…
Zechariah 14:16-19 And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Numbers 29:12–end
Soon after the day of atonement, that day in which men were to afflict their souls, followed the feast of tabernacles, in which they were to rejoice before the Lord; for those that sow in tears shall soon reap in joy. To the former laws about this feast, which we had, Lev 23:34, etc., here are added directions about the offerings by fire, which they were to offer unto the Lord during the seven days of that feast, Lev 23:36. Observe here, 1. Their days of rejoicing were to be days of sacrifices. A disposition to be cheerful does us no harm, nor is any bad symptom, when it is so far from unfitting us for the duties of God's immediate service that it encourages and enlarges our hearts in them.…
on the fifteenth day--was to be held the feast of booths or tabernacles. (See Lev 23:34-35). The feast was to last seven days, the first and last of which were to be kept as Sabbaths, and a particular offering was prescribed for each day, the details of which are given with a minuteness suited to the infant state of the church. Two things are deserving of notice: First, that this feast was distinguished by a greater amount and variety of sacrifices than any other--partly because, occurring at the end of the year, it might be intended to supply any past deficiencies--partly because, being immediately after the ingathering of the fruits, it ought to be a liberal acknowledgment--and partly, per…
And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye shall have an holy convocation,.... Of the same month Tisri, which was the seventh from Nisan or Abib, though it was formerly the first month of the year:
ye shall do no servile work, and ye shall keep a feast unto the Lord seven days; the feast of tabernacles, which began on the fifteenth day of this month.
John Calvin on Numbers 29:12–end
And on the fifteenth, day. Amongst their festivals this last was the chief [240] in which they dwelt in tabernacles for seven days; for whereas in the Passover they commemorated the night in which they came forth free from the plagues of Egypt, by dwelling in tabernacles they embraced the whole forty years in which their fathers in the desert experienced the constant and consummate bounty of God. That solemn convention, too, availed for another present purpose, i.e., of thanksgiving to God for the ingathering of the harvest. Hence it was that they offered sacrifices every day and in greater number: on the first day, thirteen bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs; on the second, twelve bullo…
The Church Fathers
But now let us see what is the last feast day of God, on which God rejoices in man. "Tabernacles," He says. He rejoices, then, over you when He sees you dwelling in this world in tents, when He sees you not having your mind and purpose fixed and founded upon the earth, nor desiring the things that are earthly, nor reckoning the shadow of this life as your own perpetual possession, but as though set in transit and hastening to that true fatherland of paradise, whence you came forth, and saying: "I am a sojourner and a pilgrim, as all my fathers." For the fathers too dwelt in tents, and Abraham dwelt in little huts, that is, in tents, with Isaac and Jacob, coheirs of the same promise. When, therefore, you have been a sojourner and a pilgrim on the earth, and your mind is not fixed and rooted in the desires of earthly things, but you are ready to pass over quickly and ready to stretch yourself always to the things that are before, until you arrive at the land flowing with milk and honey and receive the inheritance of things to come — if, I say, God sees you set in these things, He rejoices in you and will keep a feast day over you. These things indeed in the present; but as for the future, if you wish to consider how the feast days are kept there, lift up your senses a little, if you can, from the earth, and forget for a while these things that are held before your face. Describe to yourself how heaven and earth pass away, and how all this fashion of the world passes away, and a new heaven and a new earth is founded. Remove from your sight even the light of this sun, and give to that world which is to come a sevenfold light of this sun; nay rather, according to the authority of Scripture, give to it the Lord Himself as its light. Set the angels of glory standing by, set the virtues, powers, thrones, dominions, and every name of the most illustrious and heavenly powers, not only that which is named in the present age but also that which is named in the age to come. Among all these, consider and conjecture how the feast days of the Lord may be kept, what festivity there is there, what joys, what magnitude of gladness. For concerning those spiritual festivals of which we spoke above, even though they are great and true, especially when they are kept spiritually in the soul, yet they are in part, not in whole; for just as the Apostle said: "We know in part and we…
All who are to be trained in the higher disciplines regard the labor of the rudiments as burdensome, so long as they do not know what the end and fruit of that discipline is to which they are being introduced. But when, having been led through in order, the perfection of the discipline has been attained, then it will be a delight to have endured the burdens of the rudiments. There are, therefore, also in holy and divine matters certain first rudiments, by which those are introduced who strive toward the perfection of blessedness. This the servant of God clearly indicates in the song of Exodus, saying: "Bringing them in, plant them on the mountain of your inheritance, in your prepared dwelling, which you have prepared, O Lord." Paul the Apostle also, knowing that there are certain first beginnings of instruction, and that then afterward, in the course of time, one comes even to perfection, writing to certain persons said: "For indeed, when you ought already to be teachers by reason of the time, you again need to be taught what are the elements of the beginning of the words of God, and you have become such as have need of milk, not strong food. For everyone who is fed on milk is inexperienced in the word of righteousness; for he is a little child. But solid food is for the perfect, who according to their capacity for receiving have their senses trained to the discernment of good or evil." And again elsewhere he recalls that the letter of the law and every writing of this kind are the elements of the world. And so now those things which pertained to those who were being instructed in the first elements seem burdensome to us at first hearing; for when each of the hearers wishes to learn about those things which pertain to salvation, and there is recited to them about the sacrifices of rams and goats and calves, they judge that writings of this kind confer no benefit upon them, so far as concerns the hearing itself. But if there be found anyone who can remove the veil which is placed upon the reading of the Old Testament, and thence search out what are the true sacrifices which purify the people on the festal days, then he will see how wonderful and magnificent are the things which are indicated through these, which by the ignorant are held to be superfluous and superstitious. But these things indeed Paul, and any who are like him, will have come to know more…
Dictionary and topics
Lambs — are the young of sheep, but originally included also the young of goats. They formed an important part of almost every sacrifice. (Exodus 29:38-41; Numbers 28:9,11; 29,13-40) etc. [On the paschal…
Sin-offering — (Heb. hattath), the law of, is given in detail in Lev. 4-6:13; 9:7-11, 22-24; 12:6-8; 15:2, 14, 25-30; 14:19, 31; Num. 6:10-14. On the day of Atonement it was made with special solemnity (Lev. 16:5,…
Tabernacles, The Feast Of — (Exodus 23:16) (“the feast of ingathering”), the third of the three great festivals: of the Hebrews, which lasted from the 15th till the 22d of Tisri.
Feast Of Tabernacles, The · First and last days of, holy convocations — First and last days of, holy convocations
Rest · The an — The an
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
The feast of Tabernacles, the special regulations for the celebration of which are contained in Lev 23:34-36 and Lev 23:39-43, was distinguished above all the other feasts of the year by the great number of burnt-offerings, which raised it into the greatest festival of joy. On the seven feast-days, the first of which was to be celebrated with sabbatical rest and a holy meeting, there were to be offered, in addition to the daily burnt-offering, every day a he-goat for a sin-offering, and seventy oxen in all for a burnt-offering during the seven days, as well as every day two rams and fourteen yearling lambs, with the requisite meat-offerings and drink-offerings. Whilst, therefore, the number…
The Festival of Shelters began on the fifteenth day of the seventh month. It was an eight-day harvest celebration (29:12, 35; Exod 34:22) that required an enormous number of offerings. This harvest festival was an especially joyous occasion and a time for thanksgiving (see Neh 8:13-18). The shelters also reminded the Israelites of dwelling in tents during their wilderness sojourn (see also Lev 23:33-43; 1 Kgs 8:1-2).
Rashi on Numbers 29:11
מלבד חטאת הכפורים BESIDES THE SIN OFFERING OF EXPIATION — i.e. the goat whose rite was performed within the Holy of Holies, which is mentioned in the Sedrah אחרי מות — for it, too, was a חטאת, a sin offering, (Leviticus 16:9).
ועלת התמיד AND THE CONTINUAL BURNT OFFERING — This means: and besides the continual burnt offering, ye shall offer these burnt offerings mentioned in v. 8.
ונסכיהם AND THEIR DRINK OFFERINGS — This word refers to the additional offerings which have been written about (v. 8) and to the word תעשו (which Rashi has supplied). It expresses a command: [besides the sin offering of expiation and] besides the continual burnt offering [and its drink offering] ye shall offer the…