Numbers 34:13 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Numbers 34:13
And Moses commanded the children of Israel, saying, This is the land which ye shall inherit by lot, which the LORD commanded to give unto the nine tribes, and to the half tribe:
(intensively) to constitute · conjunction + verb, piel sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
children
בְּנֵ֥יbe.Nei
H1121
a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לYis.ra.'El
H3478
Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
saying
לֵאמֹ֑רle.Mor
H559
to say (used with great latitude) · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
land
הָאָ֗רֶץha.'A.retz
H776
the earth (at large · definite article + noun, common feminine singular absolute
inherit
תִּתְנַחֲל֤וּtit.na.cha.Lu
H5157
to inherit (as a (figurative) mode of descent) · verb, hithpael imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural
lot
בְּגוֹרָ֔לbe.go.Ral
H1486
properly · preposition + noun, common masculine singular absolute
LORD
יְהוָ֔הYah.weh
H3068
Jehovah · proper noun, a title
commanded
צִוָּ֣הtzi.Vah
H6680
(intensively) to constitute · verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
give
לָתֵ֛תla.Tet
H5414
to give · preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct
nine
לְתִשְׁעַ֥תle.tish.'At
H8672
nine or (ordinal) ninth · preposition + cardinal number, both genders singular construct
tribes
הַמַּטּ֖וֹתha.ma.Tot
H4294
a branch (as extending) · definite article + noun, common feminine plural absolute
half
וַחֲצִ֥יva.cha.Tzi
H2677
the half or middle · conjunction + noun, common masculine singular construct
tribe
הַמַּטֶּֽהha.ma.Teh
H4294
a branch (as extending) · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Numbers 34:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
Joshua 14:1-5 And these are the countries which the children of Israel inherited in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nu…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Numbers 34:13
The two tribes and the half-tribe have received their inheritance on this side Jordan--The conquered territories of Sihon and Og, lying between the Arnon and mount Hermon, were allotted to them--that of Reuben in the most southerly part, Gad north of it, and the half Manasseh in the northernmost portion.
John Gill on Numbers 34:13
And Moses commanded the children of Israel, saying,.... Strictly enjoining them to observe what he was about to say to them:
this is the land which ye shall inherit by lot; as above described and bounded:
which the Lord commanded to give unto the nine tribes, and to the half tribe; to the tribes of Judah, Simeon, Benjamin, Dan, Ephraim, Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, and Naphtali, and the half tribe of Manasseh; though this command is not before expressed, it is very probable it was delivered to Moses at the same time he had the mind of God concerning the settlement of the tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the other half tribe of Manasseh, on the other side Jordan; see Numbers 32:31.
John Calvin on Numbers 34:13-15
And Moses commanded the children of Israel. Though this is a repetition, yet it is not a superfluous one; for he contrasts the new allotment of the nine tribes and a half with the former grant; [229] for the exception, which is immediately added, as to the lands beyond Jordan, given to the Reubenites, and Gadites, and half tribe of Manasseh, does not exclude them from their part of the promised inheritance was if they were disinherited, and therefore banished beyond the boundaries prescribed by God -- but only from being subject to the casting of lots, because they had by special privilege obtained from their brethren what would else have been included in the common inheritance. Not that thi…
This land, according to the boundaries thus described, the Israelites were to distribute by lot (Num 26:56), to give it to the nine tribes and a half, as the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half Manasseh had already received their inheritance on the other side of the Jordan (Num 32:33.).
The Church Fathers
But that further consequence must nonetheless be grasped: that if God, when he scattered the sons of Adam, "set the boundaries of the nations according to the number of the angels of God"—or, as we read in other copies, "according to the number of the sons of Israel"—at the beginning of the world, and the sons of that Adam were thus scattered as either their merits or the regard for Adam himself demanded, what shall we say will come to pass when the divine condescension shall begin to deal with the sons of the last Adam—who was made not into a living soul but into a life-giving spirit—not to scatter but to dispense them, not at the beginning but at the end of the world; and not as those who in Adam all died, but as those who in Christ have all been made alive? Without doubt there will be a certain such division and distribution as must be weighed not only according to the merits of those who are dispensed, but also according to the regard for the last Adam, in whom all are said to be made alive. But which of us is such that he may deserve to come to a distribution of this kind and to that lot of the heavenly inheritance? Who will be so blessed that his lot shall fall in Jerusalem, so that he may be there where the temple of God is—nay rather, that he himself may be the temple of God? Who is so blessed that he may keep his feast days there where the divine altar is kindled with perpetual fires? Who is so blessed as to place his sacrifice and his incense of sweetness upon that fire of which the Savior said, "I came to send fire upon the earth"? Who is so blessed as to keep the Passover there forever, in the place which the Lord his God has chosen, and there to observe the day of Pentecost and the feast of atonement and the solemnity of tabernacles, no longer through a shadow, but through the very appearance and truth of the realities? Which of us will be held worthy of the election of so blessed a lot, when God shall begin to divide the sons of the last Adam—not one to whom he may say, "You shall have power over five cities," or to whom he may say, "You shall have power over ten cities," nor to whom he may say, "Enter into the joy of your Lord," but to whom he may say, "Sit, you also, with me upon twelve thrones, judging, you also, the twelve tribes of Israel"? Of whom he may say, "Father, I will that where I am, they too may be with me"; "I will also that…
But that both my discourse and your understanding may be somewhat elevated and may conceive a certain approach toward perceiving the things we are speaking of, let us make use of some comparison. No one doubts that in the land of Judaea every place, every mountain, every city and village is designated by certain particular names; nor is there any place at all without a name, but each single one is designated by its own appellations—for example, those by which the Canaanites named them in their regions, or the Perizzites likewise in theirs, and the Amorites, or the Hivites, or even the Hebrews. So then, according to the opinion of Paul, by which he says that earthly things are a shadow and copy of heavenly ones, perhaps in the heavenly regions too there will be differences of places, and those not slight, distinguished namely by certain appellations and names, and marked with names not only of the quarters of heaven, but even of all the stars and constellations. For he who made the multitude of the stars, as the prophet says, "calls them all by their names." Concerning these names very many secret and hidden things are indeed contained in the little books which are called Enoch; but because these little books themselves do not seem to be held in authority among the Hebrews, let us for the present defer citing as an example what is there named, and let us instead pursue our investigation of these matters from those things which we have in hand, about which there can be no doubt. The land of Judaea, then, is described by the words of God in the divine law, and it is said that these things ought to be referred to the image of heavenly things; and that in the heavens there is a city Jerusalem is plainly declared by the Apostle, and Mount Zion. It is therefore consequent that, just as there are also other cities situated around the earthly Jerusalem, and villages and various regions, so also that heavenly Jerusalem, according to the image of earthly things, has around it both other cities and villages and various regions, in which the people of God and the true Israel is at some time to be settled through the true Jesus—of whom that Joshua son of Nun bore the image—and is to receive the inheritance by the distribution of the lot, that is, by the consideration of merits. If, then, the Lord now says in the distribution of the land, for example, that the boundaries…
Dictionary and topics
Lot — (Heb. goral, a “pebble”), a small stone used in casting lots (Num. 33:54; Jonah 1:7). The lot was always resorted to by the Hebrews with strictest reference to the interposition of God, and as a…
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
Tyndale Open Study Notes on Numbers 34:13-15
you are to divide . . . by sacred lot: Cp. 26:55-56. Because of the settlement of two and a half tribes (Reuben, Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh) in Transjordan (cp. 32:33), Canaan was to be divided among the nine and a half remaining tribes.
Rashi on Numbers 34:11
מקדם לעין ON THE EAST SIDE OF AIN — עין is the name of a place. The boundary went to the east of it, and consequently Ain is within the boundary and was part of the land of Israel.
וירד הגבול AND THE BOUNDARY SHALL GO DOWN — The more the boundary goes from north to south it goes down more and more.
ומחה על כתף ים כנרת קדמה AND SHALL SMITE UPON THE SLOPE OF THE SEA OF CHINNERETH EASTWARD, so that the sea of Chinnereth is within the border to the west, and the boundary is on the east (קדמה) of the sea of Chinnereth. From there it went down to the Jordan. The Jordan extends from the north to the south in a slanting direction, inclining towards the east, but comes nearer the land of Canaan opp…