Revelation 21:20

The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolyte; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the eleventh, a jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst.

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Word by word — the Greek

Word	Greek	Strong’s	Meaning
fifth	πέμπτος pemptos	G3991	fifth · adjective — nominative singular masculine
sardonyx	σαρδόνυξ, sardonux	G4557	hence the "onyx" stone) · noun — nominative singular masculine
sixth	ἕκτος hektos	G1623	sixth · adjective — nominative singular masculine
sardius	σάρδιον, sardion	G4556	sardian (3037 being implied) · noun — nominative singular neuter
seventh	ἕβδομος hebdomos	G1442	seventh · adjective — nominative singular masculine
chrysolite	χρυσόλιθος, chrusolithos	G5555	gold-stone · noun — nominative singular masculine
eighth	ὄγδοος ogdoos	G3590	the eighth · adjective — nominative singular masculine
beryl	βήρυλλος, bērullos	G969	a "beryl" · noun — nominative singular masculine
ninth	ἔνατος enatos	G1766	ninth · adjective — nominative singular masculine
topaz	τοπάζιον, topazion	G5116	of uncertain origin) · noun — nominative singular neuter
tenth	δέκατος dekatos	G1182	tenth · adjective — nominative singular masculine
chrysoprasus	χρυσόπρασος, chrusoprasos	G5556	a greenish-yellow gem ("chrysoprase") · noun — nominative singular masculine
eleventh	ἑνδέκατος hendekatos	G1734	eleventh · adjective — nominative singular masculine
jacinth	ὑάκινθος, hu'akinthos	G5192	the "hyacinth" or "jacinth" · noun — nominative singular masculine
twelfth	δωδέκατος dōdekatos	G1428	twelfth · adjective — nominative singular masculine
amethyst	ἀμέθυστος. amethustos	G271	the "amethyst" (supposed to prevent intoxication) · noun — nominative singular feminine

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

Revelation 4:3 And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an em…

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Revelation 21:9–end

We have already considered the introduction to the vision of the new Jerusalem in a more general idea of the heavenly state; we now come to the vision itself, where observe, I. The person that opened the vision to the apostle - one of the seven angels, that had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, Rev 21:9. God has a variety of work and employment for his holy angels. Sometimes they are to sound the trumpet of divine Providence, and give fair warning to a careless world; sometimes they are to pour out the vials of God's anger upon impenitent sinners; and sometimes to discover things of a heavenly nature to those that are the heirs of salvation. They readily execute every commissio…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Revelation 21:20

sardonyx--a gem having the redness of the cornelian, and the whiteness of the onyx. sardius--(See on Rev 4:3). chrysolite--described by PLINY as transparent and of a golden brightness, like our topaz: different from our pale green crystallized chrysolite. beryl--of a sea-green color. topaz--PLINY [37.32], makes it green and transparent, like our chrysolite. chrysoprasus--somewhat pale, and having the purple color of the amethyst [PLINY, 37, 20, 21]. jacinth--The flashing violet brightness in the amethyst is diluted in the jacinth [PLINY, 37.41].

Adam Clarke on Revelation 21:20

The fifth, sardonyx - The onyx is an accidental variety of the agate kind; it is of a dark horny color, in which is a plate of a bluish white, and sometimes of red. When on one or both sides of the white there happens to lie also a plate of a reddish color, the jewelers call the stone a sardonyx. The sixth, sardius - The sardius, sardel, or sardine stone, is a precious stone of a blood-red color. The seventh, chrysolite - The gold stone. It is of a dusky green with a cast of yellow. It is a species of the topaz. The eighth, beryl - This is a pellucid gem of a bluish green color. The ninth, a topaz - A pale dead green, with a mixture of yellow. It is considered by the mineralogists as a varie…

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The Church Fathers

Chrysolite glitters like gold and perhaps symbolizes Bartholomew, for he was made glorious by his precious virtues and by his divine preaching.
— Andreas of Caesarea, COMMENTARY ON THE APOCALYPSE 21:20

It seems likely that the hyacinth, which is deep blue, that is, like the sky, symbolizes Simon. For he was zealous for the gifts of Christ and possessed a heavenly wisdom.
— Andreas of Caesarea, COMMENTARY ON THE APOCALYPSE 21:20

This stone [beryl] has the color of the sea and of the air and is close to that of the hyacinth. Beryl very likely represents Thomas, for he was sent on journeys far beyond the sea, even to India, for their salvation.
— Andreas of Caesarea, COMMENTARY ON THE APOCALYPSE 21:20

The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary and topics

Amethyst — One of the precious stones in the breastplate of the high priest (Ex. 28:19; 39:12), and in the foundation of the New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:20). The ancients thought that this stone had the power of…
Beryl — The rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew word tarshish, a precious stone; probably so called as being brought from Tarshish. It was one of the stones on the breastplate of the high…
Chryoprase — occurs only in (Revelation 21:20) The true chrysoprase is sometimes found in antique Egyptian jewelry set alternately with bits of lapis-lazuli. It is problem therefore, that this is the stone named…
Chrysolite — one of the precious stones in the foundation of the heavenly Jerusalem. (Revelation 21:20) It has been already stated [Beryl] that the chrysolite of the ancients is identical with the modern oriental…
Chrysoprasus — Golden leek, a precious stone of the colour of leek’s juice, a greenish-golden colour (Rev. 21:20).
Jacinth — Properly a flower of a reddish blue or deep purple (hyacinth), and hence a precious stone of that colour (Rev. 21:20). It has been supposed to designate the same stone as the ligure (Heb. leshem)…
Number — Like most Oriental nations, it is probable that the Hebrews in their written calculations made use of the letters of the alphabet. That they did so in post-Babylonian times we have conclusive…
Sardonyx — (Rev. 21:20), a species of the carnelian combining the sard and the onyx, having three layers of opaque spots or stripes on a transparent red basis. Like the sardine, it is a variety of the…
Topaz — Heb. pitdah (Ezek. 28:13; Rev. 21:20), a golden yellow or “green” stone brought from Cush or Ethiopia (Job 28:19). It was the second stone in the first row in the breastplate of the high priest, and…
Wall — Cities were surrounded by walls, as distinguished from “unwalled villages” (Ezek. 38:11; Lev. 25:29-34). They were made thick and strong (Num. 13:28; Deut. 3:5). Among the Jews walls were built of…

Revelation 21:20

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Revelation 21:9–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Revelation 21:20

Adam Clarke on Revelation 21:20

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

Revelation 21:20

Word by word — the Greek

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on Revelation 21:9–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Revelation 21:20

Adam Clarke on Revelation 21:20

The Church Fathers

Dictionary and topics

John Gill on Revelation 21:20

Tyndale Open Study Notes on Revelation 21:19