Ruth 4:1 — meaning, Hebrew and Greek word study, commentary
Ruth 4:1
Then went Boaz up to the gate, and sat him down there: and, behold, the kinsman of whom Boaz spake came by; unto whom he said, Ho, such a one! turn aside, sit down here. And he turned aside, and sat down.
to ascend · verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Boaz
וּבֹ֨עַזu.Vo.'az
H1162
Boaz · conjunction + proper noun, a man's name
up
עָלָהʻâlâh
H5927
to ascend
gate
הַשַּׁעַר֮ha.sha.'Ar
H8179
an opening · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
down
וַיֵּ֣שֶׁבvai.Ye.shev
H3427
properly · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
kinsman
הַגֹּאֵ֤לha.go.'El
H1350
to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relati… · definite article + verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
Boaz
בֹּ֔עַזBo.'az
H1162
Boaz · proper noun, a man's name
spake
דִּבֶּרdi.ber-
H1696
perhaps properly · verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
came
עֹבֵר֙'o.Ver
H5674
to cross over · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
said
וַיֹּ֛אמֶרvai.Yo.mer
H559
to say (used with great latitude) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Ho
הוֹיhôwy
H1945
oh!
such
פְּלֹנִ֣יpe.lo.Ni
H6423
such a one · noun, common masculine singular construct
one
אַלְמֹנִ֑י'al.mo.Ni
H492
some one (i.e. so and so · noun, common masculine singular absolute
aside
ס֥וּרָהSu.rah
H5493
to turn off (literal or figurative) · verb, qal imperative, 2nd person masculine singular + paragogic he
down
שְׁבָהshe.vah-
H3427
properly · verb, qal imperative, 2nd person masculine singular + paragogic he
aside
וַיָּ֖סַרvai.Ya.sar
H5493
to turn off (literal or figurative) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
down
וַיֵּשֵֽׁבvai.ye.Shev
H3427
properly · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Deuteronomy 25:7 And if the man like not to take his brother’s wife, then let his brother’s wife go up to the gate unto the elders, and say, My husband’s bro…
Ruth 3:12 And now it is true that I am thy near kinsman: howbeit there is a kinsman nearer than I.
Deuteronomy 16:18 Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: and they shall judge t…
Deuteronomy 21:19 Then shall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him out unto the elders of his city, and unto the gate of his place;
Job 29:7 When I went out to the gate through the city, when I prepared my seat in the street!
Job 31:21 If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:
Amos 5:10-12 They hate him that rebuketh in the gate, and they abhor him that speaketh uprightly.
Amos 5:15 Hate the evil, and love the good, and establish judgment in the gate: it may be that the LORD God of hosts will be gracious unto the remnant…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Ruth 4:1-8
Here, 1. Boaz calls a court immediately. It is probable he was himself one of the elders (or aldermen) of the city; for he was a mighty man of wealth. Perhaps he was father of the city, and sat chief; for he seems here to have gone up to the gate as one having authority, and not as a common person; like Job, Job 29:7, etc. We cannot suppose him less than a magistrate in his city who was grandson to Nahshon, prince of Judah; and his lying at the end of a heap of corn in the threshing-floor the night before was not at all inconsistent, in those days of plainness, with the honour of his sitting judge in the gate. But why was Boaz so hasty, why so fond of the match? Ruth was not rich, but lived…
Then went Boaz up to the gate - We have often had occasion to remark that the gate or entrance to any city or town was the place where the court of justice was ordinarily kept. For an account of the officers in such places, see the note on Deu 16:18.
Ho, such a one! - sit down here - This familiar mode of compellation is first used here. The original is שבה פה פלני אלמני shebah poh, peloni almoni! "Hark ye, Mr. Such-a-one of such a place! come and sit down here." This is used when the person of the individual is known, and his name and residence unknown. אלמני almoni comes from אלם alam, to be silent or hidden, hence the Septuagint render it by κρυφε thou unknown person: פלני peloni comes fr…
Then went Boaz up to the gate,.... In the middle of the day, as Josephus (d) says, to the gate of the city, where people were continually passing and repassing to and from the country, and where he was most likely to meet with the person he wanted to see and converse with, and where courts of judicature were usually held, and where it was proper to call one to determine the affair he had in hand; so the Targum,"and Boaz went up to the gate of the house of judgment of the sanhedrim:''
and set him down there; waiting for the person or persons passing by, with whom be chose to speak:
and, behold, the kinsman of whom Boaz spake came by; the kinsman that was nearer than he, of whom he had spoke…
The Church Fathers
The man was so virtuous that he did not rush into a marriage outside the law, but he spoke with his neighbors about the marriage. However, his words are also worthy of admiration. For his first words were not about the marriage but about the possession of fields, etc. Moreover, when, on account of the prospective marriage he [the relative] in fact refused the contract for the land and indeed took off his sandal and gave it to Boaz, in accordance with the law, Boaz then took Ruth to be his wife. Furthermore, because he was not serving lust, he took her in the spirit that one should take a wife, and his words also showed themselves worthy of praise, You are witnesses today, etc. "I do not," he said, "transgress the law in marrying a Moabite woman; rather, I diligently fulfill divine law, so that the memory of the dead is not extinguished."
When Ruth entered the land of Israel with her mother-in-law, it was provided (on account of the merits of her prayers) that she be married to a man of the lineage of Abraham and whom, indeed, she at first believed to be her closest kinsman. He [the nearest kinsman] said that he could not marry her and, when he had withdrawn, Boaz was married to her, with the witness of ten elders. He [Boaz] who previously confessed himself unable to marry that same woman was united with her and was blessed by those ten elders.It is thought that this passage prefigures John the Baptist who, when he himself was thought by the people of Israel to be Christ and was asked who he was, did not deny who he was but confessed it, saying that he was not Christ. And those who were sent persisted in these inquiries about who he was. He answered, "I am the voice crying in the desert." He confessed the good news about the Lord, saying, "He who has the bride is the bridegroom." He showed that he himself was the friend of the groom [the best man], since he added, "Truly, the friend of the groom is he who stands and hears him and rejoices on account of the groom's voice." And so they thought he was Christ, because they did not understand that Christ had come on the day of the visitation and that he who was earlier promised by the prophets' voices was the church's bridegroom. But just as he told her he was not her kinsman but then afterwards Ruth was united with Boaz, so Christ, who is the true bridegroom of the church, whom the sayings of all the prophets proclaim, was deemed worthy, from all Gentile nations, to claim the church, to present to God the Father unnumbered people throughout the whole orb of the world, because his kinsman took off the sandals.
Dictionary and topics
Boaz — Alacrity. (1.) The husband of Ruth, a wealthy Bethlehemite. By the “levirate law” the duty devolved on him of marrying Ruth the Moabitess (Ruth 4:1-13). He was a kinsman of Mahlon, her first husband.…
Goel — In Hebrew the participle of the verb gaal, “to redeem.” It is rendered in the Authorized Version “kinsman,” Num. 5:8; Ruth 3:12; 4:1, 6, 8; “redeemer,” Job 19:25; “avenger,” Num. 35:12; Deut. 19:6,…
Redeemer — Heb. goel; i.e., one charged with the duty of restoring the rights of another and avenging his wrongs (Lev. 25:48, 49; Num. 5:8; Ruth 4:1; Job 19:25; Ps. 19:14; 78:35, etc.). This title is peculiarly…
Contracts · the city — the city
Court · .The gates of cities — .The gates of cities
Courts Of Justice · Inferior court: All transfers of property made before — Inferior court: All transfers of property made before
Gates · 20:4; — 20:4;
Heir · General scriptures concerning — General scriptures concerning
Marriage · Ceremony attested by witnesses — Ceremony attested by witnesses
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
"Boaz had gone up to the gate, and had sat down there." This circumstantial clause introduces the account of the further development of the affair. The gate, i.e., the open space before the city gate, was the forum of the city, the place where the public affairs of the city were discussed. The expression "went up" is not to be understood as signifying that Boaz went up from the threshing-floor where he had slept tot the city, which was situated upon higher ground, for, according to Rut 3:15, he had already gone to the city before he went up to the gate; but it is to be explained as referring to the place of justice as an ideal eminence to which a man went up (vid., Deu 17:8). The redeemer, o…
Most legal transactions, including property transfers, were carried out at the town gate. • friend: Boaz might or might not have used the man’s name, but the author of Ruth avoided doing so.
Rashi on Ruth 4:1
So-and-so. But his name was not written because he did not wish to redeem.1The person’s name was Tov (See above 3:13). His name is omitted because he did not discharge his duty as a kinsman. He therefore did not merit to be recorded as Tov [=good].
So-and-so. פְּלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי is rendered [into Aramaic] in the Prophets as, “concealed and secret.”
So. פְּלֹנִי means] covered and concealed, [as in] the expression of, “If there be concealed יִפָּלֵא”2Devarim 17:8. and “Is there anything concealed הֲיִפָּלֵא from Adonoy?”3Bereishis 18:14.
And so. אַלְמֹנִי means widowed, without a name. (Another version: [He is called] אַלְמֹנִי because he was widowed of the words of the Torah, for he should…