2 Samuel 10:18

And the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew the men of seven hundred chariots of the Syrians, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, who died there.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
Syrians	אֲרָם֮ 'a.Ram	H758	Aram or Syria · proper noun, a place name
fled	וַיָּ֣נָס vai.Ya.nos	H5127	to flit · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
before	מִפְּנֵ֣י mi.pe.Nei	H6440	the face (as the part that turns) · preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct
Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ Yis.ra.'El	H3478	Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
David	דָּוִ֜ד da.Vid	H1732	David · proper noun, a man's name
slew	וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג vai.ya.ha.Rog	H2026	to smite with deadly intent · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
seven	שְׁבַ֤ע she.Va'	H7651	seven (as the sacred full one) · noun, common both genders singular construct
hundred	מֵאוֹת֙ me.'Ot	H3967	a hundred · noun, common feminine plural absolute
chariots	רֶ֔כֶב Re.khev	H7393	a vehicle · noun, common masculine singular absolute
Syrians	מֵאֲרָ֗ם me.'a.Ram	H758	Aram or Syria · preposition + proper noun, a place name
forty	וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים ve.'ar.ba.'Im	H705	forty · conjunction + noun, common masculine plural absolute
thousand	אֶ֖לֶף 'E.lef	H505	hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alph… · noun, common both genders singular absolute
horsemen	פָּרָשִׁ֑ים pa.ra.Shim	H6571	a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle · noun, common masculine plural absolute
smote	הִכָּ֖ה hi.Kah	H5221	to strike (lightly or severely · verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Shobach	שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ sho.Vakh	H7731	Shobak · proper noun, a man's name
captain	שַׂר sar-	H8269	a head person (of any rank or class) · noun, common masculine singular construct
host	צְבָא֛וֹ tze.va.'O	H6635	a mass of persons (or figuratively · noun, common masculine singular construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular
died	וַיָּ֥מָת vai.Ya.mot	H4191	to die (literally or figuratively) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

1 Chronicles 19:18 But the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew of the Syrians seven thousand men which fought in chariots, and forty thousand footmen, a…
Judges 4:2 And the LORD sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan, that reigned in Hazor; the captain of whose host was Sisera, which dwelt in Ha…
Judges 4:22 And, behold, as Barak pursued Sisera, Jael came out to meet him, and said unto him, Come, and I will shew thee the man whom thou seekest. An…
Judges 5:26 She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, when…
2 Samuel 8:4 And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David houghed all the chariot hors…
Psalms 18:38 I have wounded them that they were not able to rise: they are fallen under my feet.
Psalms 46:11 The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge. Selah.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 10:15–end

Here is, 1. A new attempt of the Syrians to recover their lost honour and to check the progress of David's victorious arms. The forces that were lately dispersed rallied again, and gathered themselves together, Sa2 10:15. Even the baffled cause will make head as long as there is any life in it; the enemies of the Son of David do so, Matt, Sa2 22:34; Rev 19:19. These, being conscious of their insufficiency, called in the aid of their allies and dependencies on the other side of the river (Sa2 10:16), and, being thus recruited, they hoped to make their part good against Israel, but they knew not the thoughts of the Lord, for he gathered them as sheaves into the floor; see Mic 4:11-13. 2. The d…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 10:16

THE SYRIANS DEFEATED. (Sa2 10:15-19) Hadarezer sent and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river--This prince had enjoyed a breathing time after his defeat (Sa2 8:3). But alarmed at the increasing power and greatness of David, as well as being an ally of the Ammonites, he levied a vast army not only in Syria, but in Mesopotamia, to invade the Hebrew kingdom. Shobach, his general, in pursuance of this design, had marched his troops as far as Kelam, a border town of eastern Manasseh, when David, crossing the Jordan by forced marches, suddenly surprised, defeated, and dispersed them. As a result of this great and decisive victory, all the petty kingdoms of Syria submitted and became…

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Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 10:18

Seven Hundred chariots - and forty thousand Horsemen - In the parallel place, Ch1 19:18, it is said, David slew of the Syrians Seven Thousand men, which fought in chariots. It is difficult to ascertain the right number in this and similar places. It is very probable that, in former times, the Jews expressed, as they often do now, their numbers, not by words at full length, but by numeral letters; and, as many of the letters bear a great similarity to each other, mistakes might easily creep in when the numeral letters came to be expressed by words at full length. This alone will account for the many mistakes which we find in the numbers in these books, and renders a mistake here very probable…

Dictionary and topics

Barley — A grain much cultivated in Egypt (Ex. 9:31) and in Palestine (Lev. 27:16; Deut. 8:8). It was usually the food of horses (1 Kings 4:28). Barley bread was used by the poorer people (Judg. 7:13; 2 Kings…
Chariot — A vehicle generally used for warlike purposes. Sometimes, though but rarely, it is spoken of as used for peaceful purposes. The first mention of the chariot is when Joseph, as a mark of distinction,…
Chronicles, Books of — The two books were originally one. They bore the title in the Massoretic Hebrew Dibre hayyamim, i.e., “Acts of the Days.” This title was rendered by Jerome in his Latin version “Chronicon,” and hence…
David — Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam.…
Hadadezer — Hadad is help; called also Hadarezer, Adod is his help, the king of Zobah. Hanun, the king of the Ammonites, hired among others the army of Hadadezer to assist him in his war against David. Joab, who…
Hadarezer — Adod is his help, the name given to Hadadezer (2 Sam. 8:3-12) in 2 Sam. 10.
Joab — Jehovah is his father. (1.) One of the three sons of Zeruiah, David’s sister, and “captain of the host” during the whole of David’s reign (2 Sam. 2:13; 10:7; 11:1; 1 Kings 11:15). His father’s name…
Shobach — Poured out, the “captain of the host of Hadarezer” when he mustered his vassals and tributaries from beyond “the river Euphrates” (2 Sam. 10:15-18); called also Shophach (1 Chr. 19:16).
Chariots · Used in war by the: Syrians — Used in war by the: Syrians
Hadadezer · King of Zobah, vanquished by David — King of Zobah, vanquished by David
Shobach · General references

2 Samuel 10:18

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 10:15–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 10:16

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 10:18

Dictionary and topics

2 Samuel 10:18

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 10:15–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 10:16

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 10:18

Dictionary and topics

John Gill on 2 Samuel 10:18

Keil & Delitzsch on 2 Samuel 10:17-18

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 2 Samuel 10:16

Rashi on 2 Samuel 10:16