2 Samuel 10:19

And when all the kings that were servants to Hadarezer saw that they were smitten before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. So the Syrians feared to help the children of Ammon any more.

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Word by word — the Hebrew

Word	Hebrew	Strong’s	Meaning
kings	הַמְּלָכִ֜ים ha.me.la.Khim	H4428	a king · definite article + noun, common masculine plural absolute
servants	עַבְדֵ֣י 'av.Dei	H5650	a servant · noun, common masculine plural construct
Hadarezer	הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר ha.dad.'E.zer	H1928	Hadarezer · proper noun, a man's name
saw	וַיִּרְא֨וּ vai.yir.'U	H7200	to see · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
smitten	נִגְּפוּ֙ ni.ge.Fu	H5062	to push · verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural
before	לִפְנֵ֣י lif.Nei	H6440	the face (as the part that turns) · preposition + noun, common masculine plural construct
Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל Yis.ra.'El	H3478	Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
peace	וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ vai.yash.Li.mu	H7999	to be safe (in mind · conjunction + verb, hiphil sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל Yis.ra.'El	H3478	Jisrael · proper noun, a place name
served	וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם vai.ya.'av.Dum	H5647	to work (in any sense) · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine plural
Syrians	אֲרָ֔ם 'a.Ram	H758	Aram or Syria · proper noun, a place name
feared	וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ vai.yir.'U	H3372	to fear · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural
help	לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ le.ho.Shi.a'	H3467	properly · preposition + verb, hiphil infinitive construct
children	בְּנֵ֥י be.Nei	H1121	a son (as a builder of the family name) · noun, common masculine plural construct
Ammon	עַמּֽוֹן a.Mon	H5983	Ammon · proper noun, a man's name

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).

Cross-references

2 Samuel 8:6 Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus: and the Syrians became servants to David, and brought gifts. And the LORD preserved David whi…
Revelation 18:10 Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas, that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgmen…
Genesis 14:1-5 And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations;
Joshua 11:10 And Joshua at that time turned back, and took Hazor, and smote the king thereof with the sword: for Hazor beforetime was the head of all tho…
Judges 1:7 And Adoni-bezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table: as I h…
1 Kings 20:1 And Ben-hadad the king of Syria gathered all his host together: and there were thirty and two kings with him, and horses, and chariots: and…
1 Chronicles 19:19 And when the servants of Hadarezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with David, and became his servants: n…
Psalms 18:37-38 I have pursued mine enemies, and overtaken them: neither did I turn again till they were consumed.

Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 10:15–end

Here is, 1. A new attempt of the Syrians to recover their lost honour and to check the progress of David's victorious arms. The forces that were lately dispersed rallied again, and gathered themselves together, Sa2 10:15. Even the baffled cause will make head as long as there is any life in it; the enemies of the Son of David do so, Matt, Sa2 22:34; Rev 19:19. These, being conscious of their insufficiency, called in the aid of their allies and dependencies on the other side of the river (Sa2 10:16), and, being thus recruited, they hoped to make their part good against Israel, but they knew not the thoughts of the Lord, for he gathered them as sheaves into the floor; see Mic 4:11-13. 2. The d…

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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 10:16

THE SYRIANS DEFEATED. (Sa2 10:15-19) Hadarezer sent and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river--This prince had enjoyed a breathing time after his defeat (Sa2 8:3). But alarmed at the increasing power and greatness of David, as well as being an ally of the Ammonites, he levied a vast army not only in Syria, but in Mesopotamia, to invade the Hebrew kingdom. Shobach, his general, in pursuance of this design, had marched his troops as far as Kelam, a border town of eastern Manasseh, when David, crossing the Jordan by forced marches, suddenly surprised, defeated, and dispersed them. As a result of this great and decisive victory, all the petty kingdoms of Syria submitted and became…

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Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 10:19

Made peace with Israel - They made this peace separately, and were obliged to pay tribute to the Israelites. Some copies of the Vulgate add here after the word Israel, Expaverunt et fugerunt quinquaginta et octo millia coram Israel; "and they were panic-struck, and fled fifty-eight thousand of them before Israel." This reading is nowhere else to be found. "Thus," observes Dr. Delaney, "the arms of David were blessed; and God accomplished the promises which he had made to Abraham, Gen 15:18, and renewed to Joshua, Jos 1:2, Jos 1:4." And thus, in the space of nineteen or twenty years, David had the good fortune to finish gloriously eight wars, all righteously undertaken, and all honourably ter…

Dictionary and topics

Barley — A grain much cultivated in Egypt (Ex. 9:31) and in Palestine (Lev. 27:16; Deut. 8:8). It was usually the food of horses (1 Kings 4:28). Barley bread was used by the poorer people (Judg. 7:13; 2 Kings…
Chronicles, Books of — The two books were originally one. They bore the title in the Massoretic Hebrew Dibre hayyamim, i.e., “Acts of the Days.” This title was rendered by Jerome in his Latin version “Chronicon,” and hence…
David — Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam.…
Hadadezer — Hadad is help; called also Hadarezer, Adod is his help, the king of Zobah. Hanun, the king of the Ammonites, hired among others the army of Hadadezer to assist him in his war against David. Joab, who…
Hadarezer — Adod is his help, the name given to Hadadezer (2 Sam. 8:3-12) in 2 Sam. 10.
Joab — Jehovah is his father. (1.) One of the three sons of Zeruiah, David’s sister, and “captain of the host” during the whole of David’s reign (2 Sam. 2:13; 10:7; 11:1; 1 Kings 11:15). His father’s name…
Nahash — Serpent. (1.) King of the Ammonites in the time of Saul. The inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead having been exposed to great danger from Nahash, sent messengers to Gibeah to inform Saul of their extremity.…
Zoba, Or Zobah — (station), the name of a portion of Syria which formed a separate kingdom in the time of the Jewish monarchs Saul, David and Solomon. It probably was eastward of Coele-Syria, and extended thence…
Hadadezer · King of Zobah, vanquished by David — King of Zobah, vanquished by David
Syria · David: Destroyed a second army of — David: Destroyed a second army of
Zobah

2 Samuel 10:19

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 10:15–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 10:16

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 10:19

Dictionary and topics

2 Samuel 10:19

Word by word — the Hebrew

Cross-references

Commentary

Matthew Henry on 2 Samuel 10:15–end

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 10:16

Adam Clarke on 2 Samuel 10:19

Dictionary and topics

John Gill on 2 Samuel 10:19

Keil & Delitzsch on 2 Samuel 10:19–end

Tyndale Open Study Notes on 2 Samuel 10:16

Rashi on 2 Samuel 10:16