a stream · noun, common masculine singular absolute
out
פָּ֤רַץPa.ratz
H6555
to break out (in many applications · verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular
inhabitant
גָּ֗רGar
H1481
properly · verb, qal active participle, masculine singular absolute
forgotten
הַֽנִּשְׁכָּחִ֥יםha.nish.ka.Chim
H7911
to mislay · definite article + verb, niphal active participle, masculine plural absolute
foot
רָ֑גֶלRa.gel
H7272
a foot (as used in walking) · noun, common feminine singular absolute
up
דַּ֖לּוּDa.lu
H1809
to slacken or be feeble · verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural
away
נָֽעוּNa.'u
H5128
to waver · verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural
men
מֵאֱנ֣וֹשׁme.'e.No.osh
H582
a man in general (singly or collectively) · preposition + noun, common masculine singular absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Job 28:1-11
Here Job shows, 1. What a great way the wit of man may go in diving into the depths of nature and seizing the riches of it, what a great deal of knowledge and wealth men may, by their ingenious and industrious searches, make themselves masters of. But does it therefore follow that men may, by their wit, comprehend the reasons why some wicked people prosper and others are punished, why some good people prosper and others are afflicted? No, by no means. The caverns of the earth may be discovered, but not the counsels of heaven. 2. What a great deal of care and pains worldly men take to get riches. He had observed concerning the wicked man (Job 27:16) that he heaped up silver as the dust; now h…
Three hardships in mining: 1. "A stream (flood) breaks out at the side of the stranger"; namely, the miner, a strange newcomer into places heretofore unexplored; his surprise at the sudden stream breaking out beside him is expressed (English Version, "from the inhabitant"). 2. "Forgotten (unsupported) by the foot they hang," namely, by ropes, in descending. In the Hebrew, "Lo there" precedes this clause, graphically placing it as if before the eyes. "The waters" is inserted by English Version. "Are dried up," ought to be, "hang," "are suspended." English Version perhaps understood, waters of whose existence man was previously unconscious, and near which he never trod; and yet man's energy is…
The flood breaketh out from the inhabitant,.... Or, "so that there is no inhabitant" (z); of the mine, as the miner may be said to be, who lives there continually; and, when a flood of water arises, which is an usual thing in mines, he is obliged to flee, and make haste to save his life:
even the waters forgotten of the foot; such as never any foot of man touched, or was acquainted with, being subterraneous water, and never seen with the eye of man before, and who before knew not there were such floods underground (a). A like figurative expression in Psalm 137:5;
they are dried up, they are gone away from men; though such a flood of waters rise apace, and flow in with great force, and thre…
The Church Fathers
"And the torrent has been separated by ashes:" by him who confesses his sins, and confides in the merit of his actions. This is the effect produced by the grace of the New Testament. "The torrent separated by ashes," separated by men. "They were shaken by men, by flatterers, without God taking them back, while for those temporal goods which were promised to them, they lost the first rank. 5. The land from which the bread came. As if there were: I say that those who are in the midst of whom the bread of the Lord came out, as of a fertile ground, will be shaken. ". And he must deliver it to the flames; To deliver the unbeliever to the day of judgment.
The stone likewise of darkness, and the shadow of death, the torrent divides from the people on travel. Those whom the foot of the needy man forgot, and the inaccessible ones. What was that people of the Jews, hard by unbelief, that refused to behold by faith that Author of life, whom it foretold by prophecy, but 'a stone of darkness?' because it proved at once hard by cruelty, and clouded by unbelief. Which same is also called by another term 'the shadow of death.' For a shadow is drawn such and of the same sort as the outlines were of that object, from which it is derived, And who is designated by the name of 'death' but the devil? Of whom in a kind of mode of representation by his minister it is said, And his name was Death. Of whom that people was a shadow, because in following his wickedness, it presented in itself a semblance of him. But what is named by the title of the 'torrent,' save that fire that issues forth from the sight of the Awful Judge in the final Inquest, and divides the Elect and the damned? Whence too it is said by the Prophet, A fiery and rapid stream came forth from before Him. But what People is 'on travel' in this world, but that which hastening to the inheritance of the Elect knows well that it has its native country in the heavenly world, and expects that it will there find its own the more, in proportion as here it reckons all things that pass away to be unconnected with itself? Thus the 'pilgrim People' is the number of all the Elect, who accounting this life a species of exile to themselves, pant with the whole bent of the heart after their native country Above; of which persons Paul saith, And confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth. For they that say such things, declare plainly that they seek a country. This pilgrim state that same Apostle also was undergoing when he said, Knowing that, whilst we are at home in the body, we go pilgrims away from the Lord. For we walk by faith, not by sight. The woes of this pilgrim state he was in haste to get quit of when he said, Having a desire to depart and to be with Christ; and again, To me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. The burthen of this pilgrimage the Psalmist felt lying heavy upon him, when he said; Woe is me that I sojourn in Mesech, that I dwell in the tents of Kedar! My soul hath been much a sojourner. From this he was panting to be extricated as…
Dictionary and topics
Brass — Which is an alloy of copper and zinc, was not known till the thirteenth century. What is designated by this word in Scripture is properly copper (Deut. 8:9). It was used for fetters (Judg. 16:21; 2…
Mine — The process of mining is described in Job 28:1-11. Moses speaks of the mineral wealth of Palestine (Deut. 8:9). Job 28:4 is rightly thus rendered in the Revised Version, “He breaketh open a shaft…
Mines, Mining — A highly-poetical description given by the author of the book of Job of the operations of mining as known in his day is the only record of the kind which we inherit from the ancient Hebrews. (Job…
Readings, Select · NATURE’ S TESTIMONY — NATURE’ S TESTIMONY
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
1 For there is a mine for the silver,
And a place for gold which they fine.
2 Iron is taken out of the dust,
And he poureth forth stone as copper.
3 He hath made an end of darkness,
And he searcheth all extremities
For the stone of darkness and of the shadow of death.
4 He breaketh away a shaft from those who tarry above:
There, forgotten by every foot,
They hang and swing far from men.
(Note: Among the expositors of this and the two following strophes, are two acquainted with mining: The director of mines, von Veltheim, whose observations J. D. Michaelis has contributed in the Orient. u. exeg. Bibliothek, xxiii. 7-17; and the inspector of mines, Rudolf Nasse, in Studien und Krit. 1863, 105-…
This section is a self-contained speech. No speaker is listed, so it could be a continuation of the preceding words. However, some consider this a poetic interlude by the author of Job that sums up the argument to this point, emphasizes the failure of human wisdom, and lays the foundation for the Lord’s speeches.
Rashi on Job 28:4
A stream burst forth on Sodom and Gemorrah, streams of fire and brimstone.
from the place of its flow Heb. מעם גר, from the place from which it gushes and flows (נוגר).
those who cause the foot to be forgotten These are the people of Sodom, who caused the feet of wayfarers to be forgotten from their land, for they would lay the wayfarer in a bed. If he was too long, they would cut off his feet, and if he was too short, they would stretch him. In this manner it is explained in the Aggadah.
they are lifted up through the bursting forth of the stream, and they are moved away from man.