Jehoshua (i.e. Joshua) · proper noun, a man's name
ascended
וַיַּ֨עַלvai.Ya.'al
H5927
to ascend · conjunction + verb, qal sequential imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular
Gilgal
הַגִּלְגָּ֗לha.gil.Gal
H1537
Gilgal · definite article + proper noun, a place name
people
עַ֤ם'am
H5971
a people (as a congregated unit) · noun, common masculine singular construct
war
הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ha.mil.cha.Mah
H4421
a battle (i.e. the engagement) · definite article + noun, common feminine singular absolute
mighty
גִּבּוֹרֵ֥יgi.bo.Rei
H1368
powerful · noun, common masculine plural construct
valour
הֶחָֽיִלhe.Cha.yil
H2428
probably a force · definite article + noun, common masculine singular absolute
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance (James Strong, 1890/1894), public domain; digitized by Open Scriptures (CC BY-SA). KJV word tagging: eBible.org (public domain). Original-language text, parsing and brief lexicon: STEPBible.org data from Tyndale House, Cambridge (CC BY 4.0).
Cross-references
Joshua 8:1 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear not, neither be thou dismayed: take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai: see, I have…
Isaiah 8:12 Say ye not, A confederacy, to all them to whom this people shall say, A confederacy; neither fear ye their fear, nor be afraid.
Isaiah 8:14 And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a sn…
Cross-references from OpenBible.info (CC BY), in the lineage of the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge (public domain).
Commentary
Matthew Henry on Joshua 10:7-14
Here, I. Joshua resolves to assist the Gibeonites, and God encourages him in this resolve. 1. He ascended from Gilgal (Jos 10:7), that is, he designed, determined, and prepared for, this expedition to relieve Gibeon, for it is probable it was before he stirred a step that God spoke to him to encourage him. It was generous and just in Joshua to help his new allies, though perhaps the king of Jerusalem, when he attacked them, little thought that Joshua would be so ready to help them, but expected he would abandon them as Canaanites, the rather because they had obtained their league with him by fraud; therefore he speaks with assurance (Jos 10:4) of smiting Gibeon. But Joshua knew that his prom…
JOSHUA RESCUES IT. (Jos 10:6-9)
the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua--Their appeal was urgent and their claim to protection irresistible, on the ground, not only of kindness and sympathy, but of justice. In attacking the Canaanites, Joshua had received from God a general assurance of success (Jos 1:5). But the intelligence of so formidable a combination among the native princes seems to have depressed his mind with the anxious and dispiriting idea that it was a chastisement for the hasty and inconsiderate alliance entered into with the Gibeonites. It was evidently to be a struggle of life and death, not only to Gibeon, but to the Israelites. And in this view the divine communication that was…
The five kings of the Amorites - This is a general name for the inhabitants of Canaan, otherwise called Canaanites; and it is very likely that they had this appellation because the Amorites were the most powerful tribe or nation in that country. The inhabitants of Jerusalem were Jebusites, Jos 15:63; those of Hebron were Hittites, Gen 23:2, Gen 23:3; Gen 25:9, Gen 25:10; and the Gibeonites were Hivites, Jos 9:7; and yet all these are called Amorites occasionally, probably for the reason already mentioned, viz., because that tribe was most numerous and powerful.
The Church Fathers
When the Gibeonites, attacked by the Amorite kings, sent word to Joshua to come to their aid, the Scripture reads as follows: Joshua of Gaulla went up, he and all the people of war with him, all the strong and valiant. And the Lord said to Joshua, "Do not fear them; for I have delivered them into your hands; it will not resist before you nor one of them ». They did not consult the Lord to know if they had to go against them. The Lord announced to them that they would obtain the victory, they who had spontaneously wanted to help their people well. Thus he could also say who the Gibeonites were who lied (Cf Jos 9,15(9)), claiming that they lived far away, even if they had consulted him about them, in case he had not liked that oath, that he would force those who submitted to him to be forgiven. They had believed God, whom they had heard to promise their people that they would destroy these people and seize their land. And in a way he rewarded this faith of them, by not betraying them. 15 (Jos 10.5.6). We are presented with the question of why the king of the city of Jerusalem Adonibezec and the four others with whom he besieges the Gibeonites, according to the version of the Seventy, first receive the title of kings of the Jebusites, when they meet to besiege to the Gibeonites, and then the Gibeonites themselves call them kings of the Amorites, when they send messengers to Joshua to set them free from the siege. But, as I have seen in the Hebrew version, on both occasions they are called Amorites, when it is recorded that the king of the city of Jerusalem was a Jebusite, since that same city receives the name of Jebus as the capital of that town. , and the Scripture remembers very many times that there were seven peoples that God promised to exterminate before his, one of which was that of the Amorites. Unless it is a general name for all or maybe most of them, so that under that name would not understand a single town, but many of those seven. Although there could also be one of the seven that were properly called the Amorites, as, for example, there is a part that receives the proper name of Libya, although this name corresponds to all of Africa, and there is a part that is called Asia in the proper sense, although some have considered Asia as half and others as the third part of the earth. As it is known, the Canaanites are mentioned as one people among…
The Church Fathers: public-domain translations (Ante-Nicene and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers), verse-indexed by SermonIndex (CC BY 4.0).
Dictionary and topics
Adoni-zedec — Lord of justice or righteousness, was king in Jerusalem at the time when the Israelites invaded Palestine (Josh. 10:1, 3). He formed a confederacy with the other Canaanitish kings against the…
Adonizedek — (lord of justice), the Amorite king of Jerusalem who organized a league with four other Amorite princes against Joshua. The confederate kings having laid siege to Gibeon, Joshua marched to the relief…
Remmon — (pomegranate), a town in the allotment of Simeon, (Joshua 10:7) elsewhere accurately given in the Authorized Version as Rimmon.
Adoni-Zedek · A king of — A king of
Amorites · Kings of — Kings of
Debir · 1. King of Eglon — 1. King of Eglon
Gibeonites · Delivered by Israel — Delivered by Israel
Hebron · against Joshua — against Joshua
Jerusalem · The king of, defeated and slain by Joshua — The king of, defeated and slain by Joshua
War · Of extermination — Of extermination
Dictionary: Easton's (1897) and Smith's (1863), public domain. Topics: Nave's Topical Bible (1896) and Torrey's Topical Textbook (1897), public domain. Both as parsed by NEUU (CC BY 4.0).
John Gill on Joshua 10:7
So Joshua ascended from Gilgal,.... Which lay low in the plains of Jericho:
he and all the men of war with him; which must not be understood of the whole camp of Israel, which consisted of five hundred thousand fighting men at least; since such a number was unnecessary for this expedition, and could not have proceeded with that haste the case required; nor would it have been prudent and advisable to have left the unarmed people, old men, women, and children, defenceless; but these were a select company of able men, fit for travel as well as war:
and all the mighty men of valour; or "even all", as many as were picked out for the purpose, being men of strength, activity, and courage.
John Calvin on Joshua 10:1-14
Joshua 10:1-14
1. Now it came to pass, when Adonizedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;
1. Quum audisset Adoni-zedec rex Jerusalem quod cepisset Josue Hai, et eam perdidisset (quemadmodum feceret Jericho, et regi ejus, quod sic fecisset Hai et regi ejus) et quod pacem fecissent habitatores Gibeon cum Israel, et essent inter ipsos:
2. That they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were…
The Gibeonites then sent to Joshua to the camp at Gilgal, and entreated him to come to his help as speedily as possible. "Slack not thy hand from thy servants," i.e., withhold not thy help from us. The definition appended to "the kings of the Amorites" ("that dwelt in the mountains") is to be understood a potiori, and does not warrant us in drawing the conclusion, that all the towns mentioned in Jos 10:3 were in the mountains of Judah. The Amorites who dwelt in the mountains were the strongest of all the Canaanites.
Jos 10:7
In accordance with this petition Joshua advanced from Gilgal (ויּעל, not went up) with all the people of war, even (vav expl.) all the men of valour.
Jos 10:8
The Lord t…